以太坊：Vitalik Buterin 解决 PoS 共识中的中心化问题

Vitalik Buterin 最近为以太坊的权益证明（PoS）共识进行了辩护，认为它比 PoW 更加去中心化。然而，批评者认为 PoS 导致了中心化，并引发了对政府监管的担忧。 Buterin 承认 PoW 也是中心化的，但认为由于其临时性，这一点讨论较少。

Ethereum: Vitalik Buterin Addresses Concerns over Centralization in PoS Consensus

以太坊：Vitalik Buterin 解决了 PoS 共识中对中心化的担忧

Background

背景

Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, transitioned from a Proof-of-Work (PoW) to a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism in September 2022. PoS is widely regarded as more energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable compared to PoW. However, some members of the Ethereum community have expressed concerns that the shift to PoS may have compromised decentralization, a fundamental principle of blockchain technology.

以太坊是市值第二大的加密货币，于 2022 年 9 月从工作量证明 (PoW) 共识机制过渡到股权证明 (PoS) 共识机制。PoS 被广泛认为更加节能和环境可持续与工作量证明相比。然而，以太坊社区的一些成员表示担心，向 PoS 的转变可能会损害区块链技术的基本原则——去中心化。

Vitalik Buterin's Response

Vitalik Buterin 的回应

In response to these concerns, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has sought to clarify the nature of decentralization in both PoS and PoW systems. On April 26, 2024, Buterin acknowledged that Ethereum's PoW consensus was also centralized to a certain extent. However, he emphasized that this centralization was not widely discussed because it was understood as a temporary condition until the transition to PoS.

为了回应这些担忧，以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 试图澄清 PoS 和 PoW 系统中去中心化的本质。 2024年4月26日，Buterin承认以太坊的PoW共识在一定程度上也是中心化的。不过，他强调，这种中心化并未得到广泛讨论，因为它被理解为过渡到 PoS 之前的临时条件。

"PoW was also quite centralized. It was just not talked about as much, because everyone knew it was only a temporary stage until PoS," Buterin tweeted.

“PoW 也相当中心化。只是没有被太多谈论，因为每个人都知道这只是 PoS 之前的一个临时阶段，”Buterin 在推特上写道。

Criticisms of Ethereum's PoS

对以太坊 PoS 的批评

Despite Buterin's defense of PoS, concerns about centralization remain among some Ethereum enthusiasts. Critics argue that PoS concentrates validation power in the hands of a few large stakeholders, known as validators. This, they argue, could make the network more susceptible to manipulation by outside actors.

尽管 Buterin 为 PoS 辩护，但一些以太坊爱好者仍然对中心化感到担忧。批评者认为 PoS 将验证权集中在少数大型利益相关者（称为验证者）手中。他们认为，这可能会使网络更容易受到外部参与者的操纵。

Additionally, the Ethereum network has faced criticism for high transaction fees and electricity consumption even after the transition to PoS. Some experts have suggested that Ethereum's PoS consensus may have made it vulnerable to regulation as an unregistered security.

此外，即使在过渡到 PoS 后，以太坊网络也因高交易费用和电力消耗而面临批评。一些专家认为，以太坊的 PoS 共识可能使其容易受到作为未注册证券的监管。

Regulatory Scrutiny

监管审查

In recent months, the Ethereum community has come under increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies, particularly in the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been investigating the nature of Ethereum's ETH token, with some speculating that it could be deemed a security under current regulations.

近几个月来，以太坊社区受到监管机构（尤其是美国）更严格的审查。美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 一直在调查以太坊 ETH 代币的性质，一些人猜测根据现行法规，它可能被视为证券。

Community Response

社区反应

Buterin's comments have sparked a lively debate within the Ethereum community. Some have welcomed his clarification and believe that PoS can preserve decentralization while offering significant advantages over PoW. Others remain skeptical and argue that the network's shift to PoS has weakened its decentralized nature.

Buterin 的言论引发了以太坊社区的激烈争论。一些人对他的澄清表示欢迎，并认为 PoS 可以保持去中心化，同时提供比 PoW 显着的优势。其他人仍然持怀疑态度，认为网络向 PoS 的转变削弱了其去中心化性质。

Conclusion

结论

The debate over decentralization in Ethereum's PoS consensus is likely to continue. Buterin's recent statements provide insights into the complexities of blockchain decentralization and the trade-offs involved in different consensus mechanisms. As the Ethereum network continues to evolve, it remains to be seen how these concerns will be addressed and whether the community can reach a consensus on the optimal balance between decentralization and other key aspects of the blockchain's design.

关于以太坊 PoS 共识中的去中心化的争论可能会继续下去。 Buterin 最近的声明提供了对区块链去中心化的复杂性以及不同共识机制所涉及的权衡的见解。随着以太坊网络的不断发展，如何解决这些问题以及社区是否能够就去中心化和区块链设计的其他关键方面之间的最佳平衡达成共识还有待观察。