以太坊：Vitalik Buterin 解決 PoS 共識中的中心化問題

Vitalik Buterin 最近為以太坊的權益證明（PoS）共識進行了辯護，認為它比 PoW 更去中心化。然而，批評者認為 PoS​​ 導致了中心化，並引發了對政府監管的擔憂。 Buterin 承認 PoW 也是中心化的，但認為由於其臨時性，這一點討論較少。

Ethereum: Vitalik Buterin Addresses Concerns over Centralization in PoS Consensus

以太坊：Vitalik Buterin 解決了 PoS 共識中對中心化的擔憂

Background

背景

Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market capitalization, transitioned from a Proof-of-Work (PoW) to a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism in September 2022. PoS is widely regarded as more energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable compared to PoW. However, some members of the Ethereum community have expressed concerns that the shift to PoS may have compromised decentralization, a fundamental principle of blockchain technology.

以太坊是市值第二大的加密貨幣，於 2022 年 9 月從工作量證明 (PoW) 共識機制過渡到股權證明 (PoS) 共識機制。比。然而，以太坊社群的一些成員表示擔心，向 PoS 的轉變可能會損害區塊鏈技術的基本原則——去中心化。

Vitalik Buterin's Response

Vitalik Buterin 的回應

In response to these concerns, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has sought to clarify the nature of decentralization in both PoS and PoW systems. On April 26, 2024, Buterin acknowledged that Ethereum's PoW consensus was also centralized to a certain extent. However, he emphasized that this centralization was not widely discussed because it was understood as a temporary condition until the transition to PoS.

為了回應這些擔憂，以太坊聯合創始人 Vitalik Buterin 試圖澄清 PoS 和 PoW 系統中去中心化的本質。 2024年4月26日，Buterin承認以太坊的PoW共識在某種程度上也是中心化的。不過，他強調，這種中心化並未廣泛討論，因為它被理解為過渡到 PoS 之前的臨時條件。

"PoW was also quite centralized. It was just not talked about as much, because everyone knew it was only a temporary stage until PoS," Buterin tweeted.

「PoW 也相當中心化。只是沒有被太多談論，因為每個人都知道這只是 PoS 之前的一個臨時階段，」Buterin 在推特上寫道。

Criticisms of Ethereum's PoS

對以太坊 PoS 的批評

Despite Buterin's defense of PoS, concerns about centralization remain among some Ethereum enthusiasts. Critics argue that PoS concentrates validation power in the hands of a few large stakeholders, known as validators. This, they argue, could make the network more susceptible to manipulation by outside actors.

儘管 Buterin 為 PoS​​ 辯護，但一些以太坊愛好者仍然對中心化感到擔憂。批評者認為 PoS​​ 將驗證權集中在少數大型利害關係人（稱為驗證者）手中。他們認為，這可能會使網路更容易受到外部參與者的操縱。

Additionally, the Ethereum network has faced criticism for high transaction fees and electricity consumption even after the transition to PoS. Some experts have suggested that Ethereum's PoS consensus may have made it vulnerable to regulation as an unregistered security.

此外，即使在過渡到 PoS 後，以太坊網路也因高交易費用和電力消耗而面臨批評。一些專家認為，以太坊的 PoS 共識可能使其容易受到未註冊證券的監管。

Regulatory Scrutiny

監管審查

In recent months, the Ethereum community has come under increased scrutiny from regulatory agencies, particularly in the United States. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has been investigating the nature of Ethereum's ETH token, with some speculating that it could be deemed a security under current regulations.

近幾個月來，以太坊社群受到監管機構（尤其是美國）更嚴格的審查。美國證券交易委員會 (SEC) 一直在調查以太坊 ETH 代幣的性質，有些人猜測根據現行法規，它可能被視為證券。

Community Response

社區反應

Buterin's comments have sparked a lively debate within the Ethereum community. Some have welcomed his clarification and believe that PoS can preserve decentralization while offering significant advantages over PoW. Others remain skeptical and argue that the network's shift to PoS has weakened its decentralized nature.

Buterin 的言論引發了以太坊社群的激烈爭論。有些人對他的澄清表示歡迎，並認為 PoS​​ 可以保持去中心化，同時提供比 PoW 顯著的優勢。其他人仍然持懷疑態度，認為網路向 PoS 的轉變削弱了其去中心化性質。

Conclusion

結論

The debate over decentralization in Ethereum's PoS consensus is likely to continue. Buterin's recent statements provide insights into the complexities of blockchain decentralization and the trade-offs involved in different consensus mechanisms. As the Ethereum network continues to evolve, it remains to be seen how these concerns will be addressed and whether the community can reach a consensus on the optimal balance between decentralization and other key aspects of the blockchain's design.

關於以太坊 PoS 共識中的去中心化的爭論可能會繼續下去。 Buterin 最近的聲明提供了對區塊鏈去中心化的複雜性以及不同共識機制所涉及的權衡的見解。隨著以太坊網路的不斷發展，如何解決這些問題以及社群是否能夠就去中心化和區塊鏈設計的其他關鍵方面之間的最佳平衡達成共識還有待觀察。