賓州共和黨人提議將國家資金投資於比特幣

隨著人們對加密貨幣的興趣重新燃起，共和黨眾議院議員正在努力讓賓州成為數位投資的先驅，一些懷疑論者認為此舉對該州的銀行帳戶來說風險太大。

HARRISBURG — Amid renewed interest in cryptocurrency, Republican state House lawmakers are vying to make Pennsylvania a pioneer of digital investments — a move some skeptics say would be too risky for state coffers.

哈里斯堡——隨著人們對加密貨幣重新產生興趣，共和黨州議員正在努力讓賓州成為數位投資的先驅——一些懷疑論者認為此舉對國庫來說風險太大。

Rep. Mike Cabell, R-Dallas, introduced legislation last week that would make Pennsylvania one of the first states to buy Bitcoin directly. The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act would allow the state treasurer to invest up to 10% of the general fund, emergency savings account and state investment fund in the cryptocurrency.

達拉斯眾議員麥克卡貝爾上週提出立法，使賓州成為首批直接購買比特幣的州之一。 《比特幣戰略儲備法》將允許州財政部長將普通基金、緊急儲蓄帳戶和國家投資基金最多 10% 的資金投資於加密貨幣。

Cabell has said investing in Bitcoin is a way to “hedge against inflation.” The cryptocurrency operates on a decentralized system called blockchain, making its value independent of fluctuations in the traditional market.

卡貝爾表示，投資比特幣是「對沖通膨」的一種方式。加密貨幣在稱為區塊鏈的去中心化系統上運行，使其價值獨立於傳統市場的波動。

But while Bitcoin is riding high after being championed by Donald Trump on his pro-crypto platform, it and other cryptocurrencies have a history of volatility that some investors balk at. Trump himself said he was “not a fan” of cryptocurrencies, which he claimed were “based on thin air” in a 2019 tweet, before changing his tune.

然而，儘管比特幣在唐納德·川普在其親加密平台上的支持下一路走高，但比特幣和其他加密貨幣都有波動的歷史，一些投資者對此猶豫不決。川普本人表示，他“不喜歡”加密貨幣，他在 2019 年的一條推文中聲稱加密貨幣“憑空而來”，但隨後又改變了態度。

At the time of this story, a single coin was valued at $92,406.06, and it has enjoyed a consistent upward trend, though day-to-day volatility is about double that of gold.

在撰寫本文時，一枚代幣的價值為 92,406.06 美元，並且一直處於持續上漲趨勢，儘管日常波動性約為黃金的兩倍。

There is already precedent for a Bitcoin reserve at the federal level. The U.S. government currently owns an estimated 210,000 Bitcoin, which is valued at over $19 billion at the time of this story. It amounts to about 1% of the total Bitcoin share in the world.

聯邦一級設立比特幣儲備已有先例。美國政府目前擁有估計 21 萬個比特幣，在本文撰寫時價值超過 190 億美元。它約佔全球比特幣總份額的 1%。

One major distinction between this stash and the investment being proposed in Pennsylvania is that the federal Bitcoin supply was largely confiscated in the process of prosecuting crime. The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act, however, would require the state to use its own funds to purchase the coin, leaving it vulnerable to steep losses in the event there's a downturn in its value.

這項藏匿與賓州提議的投資之間的一個主要區別是，聯邦比特幣供應大部分在起訴犯罪過程中被沒收。然而，《戰略比特幣儲備法》將要求國家使用自己的資金購買比特幣，如果比特幣價值下跌，比特幣很容易遭受巨額損失。

Cryptocurrency enthusiasts are optimistic about the coin's future prospects under Trump. At the Bitcoin Conference in Nashville in July, the president-elect promised to put his weight behind crypto. His plans include creating a Bitcoin and Crypto Presidential Advisory Council, building a strategic national Bitcoin stockpile around the existing supply and firing Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Gary Gensler “on day one.”

加密貨幣愛好者對川普領導下加密貨幣的未來前景感到樂觀。在 7 月於納許維爾舉行的比特幣會議上，當選總統承諾將全力支持加密貨幣。他的計劃包括創建一個比特幣和加密貨幣總統諮詢委員會，圍繞現有供應建立一個戰略性的國家比特幣庫存，並在「第一天」解僱美國證券交易委員會主席加里·詹斯勒(Gary Gensler )。

“I will appoint a new SEC chairman who believes America should build the future, not block the future, which is what they're doing,” Trump said.

川普表示：“我將任命一位新的 SEC 主席，他相信美國應該建立未來，而不是阻礙未來，而這正是他們正在做的事情。”

Gensler has drawn the ire of the crypto community following commission lawsuits filed against major crypto exchanges. Under Gensler, the commission has maintained the stance that most cryptocurrencies — with the notable exception of Bitcoin itself — are securities, which are strictly regulated.

在針對主要加密貨幣交易所提起委員會訴訟後，Gensler 引起了加密貨幣社群的憤怒。在 Gensler 的領導下，委員會一直堅持這樣的立場：大多數加密貨幣（比特幣本身除外）都是受到嚴格監管的證券。

“We are not afraid to litigate matters, whether against the best-resourced founders, the oldest firms, the newest industries, and yes, the largest crypto exchanges,” Gensler said in a speech last year.

Gensler 在去年的演講中表示：“我們不害怕提起訴訟，無論是針對資源最豐富的創始人、最古老的公司、最新的行業，還是最大的加密貨幣交易所。”

Cabell's legislation follows a bill that was introduced in May, House Bill 2481, which would create a framework for using blockchain and digital assets and bar the state from levying additional taxes on transactions conducted with crypto.

Cabell 的立法是在 5 月提出的一項法案《眾議院法案 2481》之後進行的，該法案將創建一個使用區塊鏈和數位資產的框架，並禁止國家對使用加密貨幣進行的交易徵收額外稅。

A lobbying group called the Satoshi Action Fund has been working with lawmakers across the country to push Bitcoin-friendly agendas at the state level. The group expects Cabell's legislation to be mirrored in several other states in the coming months, and they highlight the economic and environmental impact of Bitcoin mining.

一個名為「中本聰行動基金」的遊說團體一直在與全國各地的立法者合作，在州一級推動比特幣友善議程。該組織預計卡貝爾的立法將在未來幾個月內推廣到其他幾個州，並強調比特幣挖礦對經濟和環境的影響。

Historically, the heavy energy use required for the computer systems used to mine Bitcoin, along with their production of electronic waste, has made it an environmentally costly currency, raising red flags and even leading to mining bans from state and national governments.

從歷史上看，用於開採比特幣的電腦系統需要大量消耗能源，並產生電子廢物，這使得比特幣成為一種環境代價高昂的貨幣，引發了危險信號，甚至導致州和國家政府頒布採礦禁令。

According to Satoshi, Bitcoin's decentralized nature allows mining operations to be set up anywhere, including locations where miners can capture methane gas to power their work. Advocates see this as an opportunity to partially address emissions from agriculture and the 300,000-700,000 orphan wells across the western half of the state.

中本聰表示，比特幣的去中心化特性使得挖礦業務可以在任何地方設立，包括礦工可以捕捉甲烷氣體來為其工作提供動力的地方。倡議者認為這是一個機會，可以部分解決該州西半部農業和 300,000-700,000 個孤井的排放問題。