宾夕法尼亚州共和党人提议将国家资金投资于比特币

随着人们对加密货币的兴趣重新燃起，共和党众议院议员正在努力让宾夕法尼亚州成为数字投资的先驱，一些怀疑论者认为此举对该州的银行账户来说风险太大。

HARRISBURG — Amid renewed interest in cryptocurrency, Republican state House lawmakers are vying to make Pennsylvania a pioneer of digital investments — a move some skeptics say would be too risky for state coffers.

哈里斯堡——随着人们对加密货币重新产生兴趣，共和党州议会议员正在努力让宾夕法尼亚州成为数字投资的先驱——一些怀疑论者认为此举对国库来说风险太大。

Rep. Mike Cabell, R-Dallas, introduced legislation last week that would make Pennsylvania one of the first states to buy Bitcoin directly. The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act would allow the state treasurer to invest up to 10% of the general fund, emergency savings account and state investment fund in the cryptocurrency.

达拉斯众议员迈克·卡贝尔上周提出立法，使宾夕法尼亚州成为首批直接购买比特币的州之一。 《比特币战略储备法》将允许州财政部长将普通基金、紧急储蓄账户和国家投资基金最多 10% 的资金投资于加密货币。

Cabell has said investing in Bitcoin is a way to “hedge against inflation.” The cryptocurrency operates on a decentralized system called blockchain, making its value independent of fluctuations in the traditional market.

卡贝尔表示，投资比特币是“对冲通胀”的一种方式。加密货币在称为区块链的去中心化系统上运行，使其价值独立于传统市场的波动。

But while Bitcoin is riding high after being championed by Donald Trump on his pro-crypto platform, it and other cryptocurrencies have a history of volatility that some investors balk at. Trump himself said he was “not a fan” of cryptocurrencies, which he claimed were “based on thin air” in a 2019 tweet, before changing his tune.

然而，尽管比特币在唐纳德·特朗普在其亲加密平台上的支持下一路走高，但比特币和其他加密货币都有波动的历史，一些投资者对此犹豫不决。特朗普本人表示，他“不喜欢”加密货币，他在 2019 年的一条推文中声称加密货币“凭空而来”，但随后又改变了态度。

At the time of this story, a single coin was valued at $92,406.06, and it has enjoyed a consistent upward trend, though day-to-day volatility is about double that of gold.

在撰写本文时，一枚代币的价值为 92,406.06 美元，并且一直处于持续上涨趋势，尽管日常波动性约为黄金的两倍。

There is already precedent for a Bitcoin reserve at the federal level. The U.S. government currently owns an estimated 210,000 Bitcoin, which is valued at over $19 billion at the time of this story. It amounts to about 1% of the total Bitcoin share in the world.

联邦一级设立比特币储备已有先例。美国政府目前拥有估计 210,000 个比特币，在本文撰写时价值超过 190 亿美元。它约占全球比特币总份额的 1%。

One major distinction between this stash and the investment being proposed in Pennsylvania is that the federal Bitcoin supply was largely confiscated in the process of prosecuting crime. The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Act, however, would require the state to use its own funds to purchase the coin, leaving it vulnerable to steep losses in the event there's a downturn in its value.

这一藏匿与宾夕法尼亚州提议的投资之间的一个主要区别是，联邦比特币供应大部分在起诉犯罪过程中被没收。然而，《战略比特币储备法》将要求国家使用自己的资金购买比特币，如果比特币价值下跌，比特币很容易遭受巨额损失。

Cryptocurrency enthusiasts are optimistic about the coin's future prospects under Trump. At the Bitcoin Conference in Nashville in July, the president-elect promised to put his weight behind crypto. His plans include creating a Bitcoin and Crypto Presidential Advisory Council, building a strategic national Bitcoin stockpile around the existing supply and firing Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Gary Gensler “on day one.”

加密货币爱好者对特朗普领导下加密货币的未来前景感到乐观。在 7 月份于纳什维尔举行的比特币会议上，当选总统承诺将全力支持加密货币。他的计划包括创建一个比特币和加密货币总统咨询委员会，围绕现有供应建立一个战略性的国家比特币库存，并在“第一天”解雇美国证券交易委员会主席加里·詹斯勒(Gary Gensler)。

“I will appoint a new SEC chairman who believes America should build the future, not block the future, which is what they're doing,” Trump said.

特朗普表示：“我将任命一位新的 SEC 主席，他相信美国应该建设未来，而不是阻碍未来，而这正是他们正在做的事情。”

Gensler has drawn the ire of the crypto community following commission lawsuits filed against major crypto exchanges. Under Gensler, the commission has maintained the stance that most cryptocurrencies — with the notable exception of Bitcoin itself — are securities, which are strictly regulated.

在针对主要加密货币交易所提起委员会诉讼后，Gensler 引起了加密货币社区的愤怒。在 Gensler 的领导下，该委员会一直坚持这样的立场：大多数加密货币（比特币本身除外）都是受到严格监管的证券。

“We are not afraid to litigate matters, whether against the best-resourced founders, the oldest firms, the newest industries, and yes, the largest crypto exchanges,” Gensler said in a speech last year.

Gensler 在去年的一次演讲中表示：“我们并不害怕提起诉讼，无论是针对资源最丰富的创始人、最古老的公司、最新的行业，还是最大的加密货币交易所。”

Cabell's legislation follows a bill that was introduced in May, House Bill 2481, which would create a framework for using blockchain and digital assets and bar the state from levying additional taxes on transactions conducted with crypto.

Cabell 的立法是在 5 月份提出的一项法案《众议院法案 2481》之后进行的，该法案将创建一个使用区块链和数字资产的框架，并禁止国家对使用加密货币进行的交易征收额外税。

A lobbying group called the Satoshi Action Fund has been working with lawmakers across the country to push Bitcoin-friendly agendas at the state level. The group expects Cabell's legislation to be mirrored in several other states in the coming months, and they highlight the economic and environmental impact of Bitcoin mining.

一个名为“中本聪行动基金”的游说团体一直在与全国各地的立法者合作，在州一级推动比特币友好议程。该组织预计卡贝尔的立法将在未来几个月内推广到其他几个州，并强调比特币挖矿对经济和环境的影响。

Historically, the heavy energy use required for the computer systems used to mine Bitcoin, along with their production of electronic waste, has made it an environmentally costly currency, raising red flags and even leading to mining bans from state and national governments.

从历史上看，用于开采比特币的计算机系统需要大量消耗能源，并产生电子废物，这使得比特币成为一种环境代价高昂的货币，引发了危险信号，甚至导致州和国家政府颁布采矿禁令。

According to Satoshi, Bitcoin's decentralized nature allows mining operations to be set up anywhere, including locations where miners can capture methane gas to power their work. Advocates see this as an opportunity to partially address emissions from agriculture and the 300,000-700,000 orphan wells across the western half of the state.

中本聪表示，比特币的去中心化特性使得挖矿业务可以在任何地方设立，包括矿工可以捕获甲烷气体来为其工作提供动力的地方。倡导者认为这是一个机会，可以部分解决该州西半部农业和 300,000-700,000 个孤井的排放问题。