超级系统需要政府干预：Grattan

格拉坦研究所警告说，澳大利亚人需要政府帮助他们在退休后使用退休金，以阻止储蓄系统最终成为“大规模继承计划”。

Australians need government help to spend their superannuation in retirement, to stop the savings system ending up as "a massive inheritance scheme", a new report has warned.

一份新报告警告称，澳大利亚人需要政府帮助他们在退休后使用退休金，以阻止储蓄系统最终成为“大规模继承计划”。

A report into superannuation by the Grattan Institute finds that few retirees draw down on their super as intended.

格拉坦研究所 (Grattan Institute) 的一份关于退休金的报告发现，很少有退休人员按预期提取退休金。

It highlights that many retirees are net savers, with their super balances growing for decades after they retire, for fear of outliving their savings.

报告强调，许多退休人员都是净储蓄者，他们的退休金余额在退休后的几十年里一直在增长，因为他们担心自己的储蓄会花光。

"This is not how it was meant to be. Too few retirees are enjoying the benefits of the savings they built up during their working lives," report author Brendan Coates says.

报告作者布伦丹·科茨说：“事情本来就不是这样的。很少有退休人员能够享受到他们在工作期间积累的储蓄带来的好处。”

"You're asking people to draw down their savings when they don't know how long they're going to live.

“当人们不知道自己还能活多久时，你就要求他们提取储蓄。

"You don't know if you should be drawing 4.5 or 6 per cent a year because you've got a 20 per cent chance of dying before the age of 80, and a 20 per cent chance of living to 94."

“你不知道每年应该提取 4.5% 还是 6%，因为你有 20% 的机会在 80 岁之前死亡，有 20% 的机会活到 94 岁。”

The report argues that after being guided through the superannuation system during their working lives, retirees are then left in the dark with little help in how to manage their super balances, with about 80 per cent of Australians finding retirement planning complicated.

该报告认为，退休人员在工作期间接受退休金制度的指导后，对如何管理退休金余额几乎一无所知，大约80%的澳大利亚人发现退休计划很复杂。

"The little guidance retirees currently receive is unhelpful — it steers them only into account-based pensions, which require them to manage their spending to avoid the risk of outliving their savings," Dr Coates, the housing and economic security program director at Grattan, says.

Grattan 住房和经济保障项目主任科茨博士表示：“退休人员目前收到的指导很少，没有什么帮助——它只会引导他们领取基于账户的养老金，这要求他们管理支出，以避免储蓄用完的风险。”说。

"Half of those using an account-based pension draw their super at legislated minimum rates."

“一半使用账户养老金的人按法定最低利率提取养老金。”

Grattan's modelling shows that Australians who draw down their super at the minimum rate when they retire will leave the equivalent of 65 per cent of their original super balance unspent by the age of 92.

Grattan 的模型显示，退休时以最低利率提取养老金的澳大利亚人到 92 岁时，将留下相当于原始养老金余额 65% 的金额未使用。

The think tank is calling on the federal government to offer all Australians the option of a lifetime annuity.

该智库呼吁联邦政府为所有澳大利亚人提供终身年金的选择。

An annuity is essentially a contract taken out for a fixed sum, which then pays you a regular, agreed income (usually monthly) for life and the payments are tax free, if super money is invested.

年金本质上是一份固定金额的合同，然后向您支付终身定期、约定的收入（通常每月），并且如果超额资金用于投资，则支付的款项是免税的。

According to ASIC's Moneysmart, the difference between account-based pensions and annuities is that the latter are less flexible, but provide a guarantee about future income, whereas account-based pensions can be affected by market returns.

ASIC的Moneysmart表示，账户养老金和年金的区别在于后者灵活性较差，但提供了未来收入的保证，而账户养老金可能会受到市场回报的影响。

Grattan is advocating for retirees to be strongly encouraged to put 80 per cent of their super balance above $250,000 into a government annuity as a default option, saying such a reform could boost retirees' incomes by up to 25 per cent.

Grattan 主张大力鼓励退休人员将 25 万美元以上的退休金余额的 80% 存入政府年金，作为默认选项，并表示这样的改革可以使退休人员的收入提高多达 25%。

As for those with balances below that level, the age pension would offer a minimum lifetime income.

对于余额低于该水平的人，养老金将提供最低终生收入。

Despite there being a large private financial advice industry, the institute argues such prescriptive government measures are necessary.

尽管私人金融咨询行业规模庞大，但该研究所认为此类规定性政府措施是必要的。

"Relying on super funds to deliver annuities at scale is unlikely to work," the report states.

报告指出：“依靠超级基金大规模发放年金不太可能奏效。”

"Super funds have resisted previous attempts by government to get them to do so.

“超级基金此前曾拒绝政府让他们这样做的尝试。

Dr Coates believes few Australians buy annuities because they find it hard to trust that a private provider will offer them a good deal on a product they find it difficult to understand, whereas a government scheme would be likely to increase uptake.

科茨博士认为，很少有澳大利亚人购买年金，因为他们很难相信私人提供商会为他们提供他们难以理解的优惠产品，而政府计划可能会增加使用率。

He argues that administering such a scheme would cost taxpayers nothing.

他认为，实施这样的计划不会让纳税人付出任何代价。

"People would be using their super balances to buy the annuity, and the government would be managing those funds, and paying out the annuities from the pool of funds that comes from those annuity purchases.

“人们将使用超级余额购买年金，政府将管理这些资金，并从购买年金的资金池中支付年金。

"In fact, the government annuity provider would actually pay a levy to the government each year for the benefit of using the government's balance sheet because they wouldn't have to hold the standard regulatory capital."

“事实上，政府年金提供商实际上每年都会向政府缴纳一笔税款，以利用政府的资产负债表，因为他们不必持有标准的监管资本。”

The think tank doesn't believe a government-backed annuity pension scheme has been flagged in the public discourse in recent history.

该智库认为，近代历史上公众讨论中并未提及政府支持的年金养老金计划。