超級系統需要政府乾預：Grattan

格拉坦研究所警告說，澳洲人需要政府幫助他們在退休後使用退休金，以阻止儲蓄系統最終成為「大規模繼承計畫」。

Australians need government help to spend their superannuation in retirement, to stop the savings system ending up as "a massive inheritance scheme", a new report has warned.

一份新報告警告稱，澳洲人需要政府幫助他們在退休後使用退休金，以阻止儲蓄系統最終成為「大規模繼承計畫」。

A report into superannuation by the Grattan Institute finds that few retirees draw down on their super as intended.

格拉坦研究所 (Grattan Institute) 的一份關於退休金的報告發現，很少有退休人員按預期提取退休金。

It highlights that many retirees are net savers, with their super balances growing for decades after they retire, for fear of outliving their savings.

報告強調，許多退休人員都是淨儲蓄者，他們的退休金餘額在退休後的幾十年裡一直在增長，因為他們擔心自己的儲蓄會花光。

"This is not how it was meant to be. Too few retirees are enjoying the benefits of the savings they built up during their working lives," report author Brendan Coates says.

報告作者布倫丹·科茨說：“事情本來就不是這樣的。很少有退休人員能夠享受到他們在工作期間積累的儲蓄帶來的好處。”

"You're asking people to draw down their savings when they don't know how long they're going to live.

「當人們不知道自己還能活多久時，你就要求他們提取儲蓄。

"You don't know if you should be drawing 4.5 or 6 per cent a year because you've got a 20 per cent chance of dying before the age of 80, and a 20 per cent chance of living to 94."

“你不知道每年應該提取 4.5% 還是 6%，因為你有 20% 的機會在 80 歲之前死亡，有 20% 的機會活到 94 歲。”

The report argues that after being guided through the superannuation system during their working lives, retirees are then left in the dark with little help in how to manage their super balances, with about 80 per cent of Australians finding retirement planning complicated.

報告認為，退休人員在工作期間接受退休金制度的指導後，對如何管理退休金餘額幾乎一無所知，大約80%的澳洲人發現退休計畫很複雜。

"The little guidance retirees currently receive is unhelpful — it steers them only into account-based pensions, which require them to manage their spending to avoid the risk of outliving their savings," Dr Coates, the housing and economic security program director at Grattan, says.

Grattan 住房和經濟保障項目主任科茨博士表示：「退休人員目前收到的指導很少，沒有什麼幫助——它只會引導他們領取基於帳戶的養老金，這要求他們管理支出，以避免儲蓄用完的風險。

"Half of those using an account-based pension draw their super at legislated minimum rates."

“一半使用帳戶退休金的人按法定最低利率提取退休金。”

Grattan's modelling shows that Australians who draw down their super at the minimum rate when they retire will leave the equivalent of 65 per cent of their original super balance unspent by the age of 92.

Grattan 的模型顯示，退休時以最低利率提取退休金的澳洲人到 92 歲時，將留下相當於原始退休金餘額 65% 的金額未使用。

The think tank is calling on the federal government to offer all Australians the option of a lifetime annuity.

該智庫呼籲聯邦政府為所有澳洲人提供終身年金的選擇。

An annuity is essentially a contract taken out for a fixed sum, which then pays you a regular, agreed income (usually monthly) for life and the payments are tax free, if super money is invested.

年金本質上是一份固定金額的合同，然後向您支付終身定期、約定的收入（通常每月），並且如果超額資金用於投資，則支付的款項是免稅的。

According to ASIC's Moneysmart, the difference between account-based pensions and annuities is that the latter are less flexible, but provide a guarantee about future income, whereas account-based pensions can be affected by market returns.

ASIC的Moneysmart表示，帳戶退休金和年金的區別在於後者靈活性較差，但提供了未來收入的保證，而帳戶退休金可能會受到市場回報的影響。

Grattan is advocating for retirees to be strongly encouraged to put 80 per cent of their super balance above $250,000 into a government annuity as a default option, saying such a reform could boost retirees' incomes by up to 25 per cent.

Grattan 主張大力鼓勵退休人員將 25 萬美元以上的退休金餘額的 80% 存入政府年金，作為默認選項，並表示這樣的改革可以使退休人員的收入提高多達 25%。

As for those with balances below that level, the age pension would offer a minimum lifetime income.

對於餘額低於該水平的人，退休金將提供最低終生收入。

Despite there being a large private financial advice industry, the institute argues such prescriptive government measures are necessary.

儘管私人金融諮詢產業規模龐大，但該研究所認為此類規定性政府措施是必要的。

"Relying on super funds to deliver annuities at scale is unlikely to work," the report states.

報告指出：“依靠超級基金大規模發放年金不太可能奏效。”

"Super funds have resisted previous attempts by government to get them to do so.

「超級基金先前曾拒絕政府讓他們這樣做的嘗試。

Dr Coates believes few Australians buy annuities because they find it hard to trust that a private provider will offer them a good deal on a product they find it difficult to understand, whereas a government scheme would be likely to increase uptake.

科茨博士認為，很少澳洲人購買年金，因為他們很難相信私人提供者會為他們提供他們難以理解的優惠產品，而政府計劃可能會增加使用率。

He argues that administering such a scheme would cost taxpayers nothing.

他認為，實施這樣的計畫不會讓納稅人付出任何代價。

"People would be using their super balances to buy the annuity, and the government would be managing those funds, and paying out the annuities from the pool of funds that comes from those annuity purchases.

「人們將使用超級餘額購買年金，政府將管理這些資金，並從購買年金的資金池中支付年金。

"In fact, the government annuity provider would actually pay a levy to the government each year for the benefit of using the government's balance sheet because they wouldn't have to hold the standard regulatory capital."

“事實上，政府年金提供者實際上每年都會向政府繳納一筆稅款，以利用政府的資產負債表，因為他們不必持有標準的監管資本。”

The think tank doesn't believe a government-backed annuity pension scheme has been flagged in the public discourse in recent history.

該智庫認為，近代史上公眾討論中並未提及政府支持的年金退休金計畫。