腓立比發現的阿波羅大理石頭像慶祝城市遺產

 

在腓立比發現的希臘神阿波羅的大理石頭像。照片：希臘文化部。

Marble head of Apollo has been discovered by Greek archaeologists. The excavations took place in Philippi, northwest Greece. The head, which dates back to the second or third century C.E., depicts a handsome young man with curls and his typical laurel crown. Archaeologists say these distinctive features identify him as the Greek deity of music and archery.

希臘考古學家發現了阿波羅的大理石頭像。發掘工作在希臘西北部的腓立比進行。這尊頭像的歷史可以追溯到公元二世紀或三世紀，描繪了一位英俊的年輕男子，留著捲髮，戴著典型的月桂冠。考古學家說，這些獨特的特徵使他成為希臘音樂和射箭之神。

 

 

 

阿波羅的大理石頭像慶祝了城市的文化遺產腓立比正在挖掘的遺址的空拍照片。照片：希臘文化部。

 

A group of fifteen students led by Natalia Poulos, a professor of Byzantine Archaeology, discovered it in late 2023. This team continues University of Thessaloniki work, ongoing at Philippi since the 1960s. The Apollo statue’s intended purpose upon carving would have been devotional. But researchers think that given its current location, it was likely converted during the Middle Ages.

由拜占庭考古學教授 Natalia Poulos 領導的 15 名學生小組於 2023 年底發現了它。該小組繼續塞薩洛尼基大學自 1960 年代以來在腓立比開展的工作。阿波羅雕像的雕刻目的是虔誠的。但研究人員認為，鑑於其目前的位置，它很可能在中世紀被改建。

 

 

Also, that it stood as one of the many decorations in a fountain in the town square. Based on the finding of a coin featuring Emperor Leo VI, scholars propose that the area had been occupied from the eighth or ninth century. Apollo did not hold any lasting symbolic significance in Christian Philippi, in contrast to other Greek gods.

此外，它也是城鎮廣場噴泉中眾多裝飾品之一。根據發現的一枚印有利奧六世皇帝頭像的硬幣，學者們推測該地區從八世紀或九世紀起就已被佔領。與其他希臘神相比，阿波羅在基督教腓立比中沒有任何持久的象徵意義。

 

 

 

腓立比希臘神的頭。照片：希臘文化部。

 

It appears that statues from the Greek and Roman eras seemed used to decorate public areas and structures as late as the Byzantine era (approximately the 13th to 15th century). Also, the statue’s existence probably denotes an appreciation of the city’s ongoing cultural heritage as well as of superb artistry. The head this god came to light east of the Philippi’s major southern road, where it meets the northern axis of the city.

希臘和羅馬時代的雕像似乎一直被用來裝飾公共區域和建築，直到拜占庭時代（大約 13 世紀至 15 世紀）。此外，這座雕像的存在可能代表了對這座城市持續文化遺產和精湛藝術的欣賞。這位神的頭像在腓立比河南部主要道路以東的地方顯現出來，這裡與城市的北軸線相交。

Same Location for Discovered Hercules Statue

 

發現赫拉克勒斯雕像的同一位置在希臘發現的赫拉克勒斯雕像。圖片由希臘運動文化部提供

 

Recent excavation efforts progressively exposed a square full of elaborately decorated houses. At the location last year, researchers found a statue of Hercules that they think also belonged to the fountain. The statue, which was mostly undamaged, showed a young, robust Hercules holding a lion and a club in his hands.

最近的挖掘工作逐漸暴露了一個充滿精心裝飾的房屋的廣場。去年，研究人員在該地點發現了一尊大力士雕像，他們認為該雕像也屬於噴泉。這座雕像大部分未受損，雕像上是一位年輕、健壯的大力士，手裡拿著一頭獅子和一根棍棒。

 

 

Alexander the Great‘s father, King Philip II of Macedonia, established Philippi in 356 BCE. Because of its location on the Via Egnatia, a route that connected Europe and Asia, it increased in riches and notoriety. Its significance persisted throughout the Roman era, when it hosted the pivotal conflict between Brutus and Cassius’ and Mark Antony’s and Octavian’s armies.

亞歷山大大帝的父親馬其頓國王腓力二世於西元前 356 年建立了腓立比。由於它位於連接歐洲和亞洲的艾格納提亞大道上，它的財富和名聲都在增加。它的重要性貫穿了整個羅馬時代，當時布魯圖斯和卡西烏斯、馬克·安東尼和屋大維的軍隊之間的關鍵衝突就在這裡發生。

 

 

 

圖片由希臘運動文化部提供

 

It became an important early Christian site following the visit of Apostle Paul in the 1st century C.E. Archaeological work began in Philippi in the first decades of the 20th century. The University of Thessaloniki excavations are set to continue later this year.

公元 1 世紀使徒保羅造訪後，它成為重要的早期基督教遺址。20 世紀頭幾十年，腓立比開始了考古工作。塞薩洛尼基大學的發掘工作將於今年稍後繼續進行。