美国财政部加大对俄罗斯相关企业的加密货币制裁力度，以遏制逃税行为

美国财政部 OFAC 已对 13 个与俄罗斯有联系的实体和两名个人实施制裁，理由是涉嫌为交易提供便利并提供加密服务以“逃避制裁”。根据 Chainaanalysis 的链上数据，包括 Netex24 和 Bitpapa 在内的这些公司在过去两年中促进了与受制裁实体的重大交易，其中很大一部分交易历史涉及没有 KYC 控制的交易所和暗网市场。

U.S. Treasury Ramps Up Sanctions on Russia-Linked Crypto Companies Amid Evasion Concerns

出于逃税担忧，美国财政部加大了对与俄罗斯相关的加密货币公司的制裁力度

In a move to counter the use of crypto-related services to evade sanctions, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has designated a group of thirteen entities and two individuals for their alleged role in facilitating transactions and providing cryptocurrency services to sanctioned Russian parties.

为了打击利用加密货币相关服务逃避制裁的行为，美国财政部外国资产控制办公室 (OFAC) 指定了一个由 13 个实体和两名个人组成的小组，因为他们涉嫌在促进交易和提供加密货币方面发挥作用为受制裁的俄罗斯各方提供服务。

Targeting Russia's Financial Infrastructure

针对俄罗斯的金融基础设施

The designated companies operate within Russia's key financial infrastructure, providing services in the "financial services and technology sectors of the Russian Federation economy." Additionally, Russia-based and Russia-linked individuals involved in developing and offering virtual asset services that enable sanctioned entities to bypass U.S. sanctions are also targeted.

指定公司在俄罗斯关键金融基础设施内运营，为“俄罗斯联邦经济的金融服务和技术部门”提供服务。此外，参与开发和提供虚拟资产服务（使受制裁实体能够绕过美国制裁）的俄罗斯个人和与俄罗斯有联系的个人也成为目标。

Absolute Ban on Transactions

绝对禁止交易

The designations prohibit any transactions or interactions between the designated entities and U.S. individuals or entities. This measure is part of OFAC's and the G7's concerted efforts to thwart the circumvention of sanctions and export control measures by designated parties.

这些指定禁止指定实体与美国个人或​​实体之间的任何交易或互动。这项措施是 OFAC 和七国集团为阻止指定方规避制裁和出口管制措施而共同努力的一部分。

Treasury's Rationale

财政部的理由

Brian E. Nelson, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, outlined the Treasury's rationale for the sanctions: "Russia is increasingly turning to alternative payment mechanisms to circumvent U.S. sanctions and continue to fund its war against Ukraine. As the Kremlin seeks to leverage entities in the financial technology space, Treasury will continue to expose and disrupt the companies that seek to help sanctioned Russian financial institutions reconnect to the global financial system."

美国财政部负责恐怖主义和金融情报的副部长布莱恩·尼尔森 (Brian E. Nelson) 概述了财政部实施制裁的理由：“俄罗斯越来越多地转向替代支付机制，以规避美国的制裁，并继续为其针对乌克兰的战争提供资金。”为了利用金融技术领域的实体，财政部将继续揭露和扰乱那些寻求帮助受制裁的俄罗斯金融机构重新连接到全球金融体系的公司。”

Role of Netex24 and Bitpapa in Sanctions Evasion

Netex24 和 Bitpapa 在逃避制裁中的作用

Blockchain research firm Chainalysis has released a report highlighting the role of two of the designated entities, Netex24 and Bitpapa, in facilitating sanctions evasion. Netex24, a Moscow-based fintech company operating a crypto exchange, and Bitpapa, a peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange, have enabled significant transactions to sanctioned entities over the past two years.

区块链研究公司 Chainaanalysis 发布了一份报告，强调了两个指定实体 Netex24 和 Bitpapa 在协助逃避制裁方面的作用。 Netex24 是一家总部位于莫斯科的金融科技公司，运营一家加密货币交易所，而 Bitpapa 是一家点对点 (P2P) 交易所，在过去两年中已为受制裁实体提供了大量交易。

On-Chain Analysis Reveals Suspicious Activity

链上分析揭示可疑活动

Chainalysis utilized on-chain data to identify "clusters associated with both services." The report emphasized the significant portion of the companies' transaction history involving exchanges lacking Know Your Customer (KYC) controls and darknet markets.

Chainaanalysis 利用链上数据来识别“与这两种服务相关的集群”。该报告强调了这些公司交易历史的很大一部分涉及缺乏“了解你的客户”（KYC）控制的交易所和暗网市场。

Massive Fund Outflows for Illegal Purposes

资金大量外流用于非法目的

The designated entities have exhibited substantial fund outflows for potentially illegal purposes. Bitpapa has reportedly transferred 52% of its outflows to sanctioned entities and 32.6% to darknet markets from October 2019 to March 2024. Similarly, Netex24 has directed 46.7% of its outflows to darknet markets and 23.4% to sanctioned entities from October 2016 to March 2024.

指定实体已表现出大量资金外流用于潜在的非法目的。据报道，从 2019 年 10 月到 2024 年 3 月，Bitpapa 已将其 52% 的资金流出转移到受制裁实体，32.6% 转移到暗网市场。同样，Netex24 从 2016 年 10 月到 2024 年 3 月，将其 46.7% 的资金流出转移到暗网市场，23.4% 转移到受制裁实体。 。

Support for Pro-Russia Groups

支持亲俄团体

Chainalysis also identified transactions facilitated by both companies to several pro-Russia militia and propaganda groups, including the OFAC-designated MOO Veche.

Chainaanalysis 还发现了两家公司向多个亲俄罗斯民兵和宣传团体（包括 OFAC 指定的 MOO Veche）促成的交易。

Intensified Efforts Against Crypto-Related Sanctions Evasion

加大力度打击与加密货币相关的逃避制裁行为

The U.S. government has intensified its scrutiny of entities using crypto-related services to bypass sanctions. In January, sanctions were imposed on platforms facilitating crypto transactions linked to the terrorist group Hamas.

美国政府加强了对使用加密相关服务来绕过制裁的实体的审查。一月份，对与恐怖组织哈马斯有关的加密货币交易平台实施了制裁。

Concerns Raised by Crypto Community

加密社区提出的担忧

The U.S. has also targeted crypto mixers, which provide anonymity for crypto transactions, due to their misuse by criminal actors. Notably, the bans imposed on Tornado Cash and its founder have raised concerns within the crypto community.

美国还针对加密货币混合器，由于它们被犯罪分子滥用，这些混合器为加密货币交易提供匿名性。值得注意的是，对 Tornado Cash 及其创始人的禁令引起了加密社区的担忧。

Conclusion

结论

The Treasury's latest sanctions demonstrate the U.S. government's determination to combat the evasion of sanctions and export control measures through crypto-related services. Entities and individuals involved in facilitating such transactions face the risk of significant consequences, including the prohibition of transactions and interactions with U.S. parties. As the Ukraine conflict continues, the U.S. government is expected to continue its efforts to disrupt the use of cryptocurrencies for illicit purposes.

财政部的最新制裁表明了美国政府打击通过加密相关服务逃避制裁和出口管制措施的决心。参与促进此类交易的实体和个人面临重大后果的风险，包括禁止与美国各方进行交易和互动。随着乌克兰冲突的持续，预计美国政府将继续努力阻止加密货币用于非法目的。