美國財政部加強對俄羅斯相關企業的加密貨幣制裁力度，以遏止逃稅行為

美國財政部 OFAC 已對 13 個與俄羅斯有聯繫的實體和兩名個人實施制裁，理由是涉嫌為交易提供便利並提供加密服務以「逃避制裁」。根據 Chainaanalysis 的鏈上數據，包括 Netex24 和 Bitpapa 在內的這些公司在過去兩年中促進了與受制裁實體的重大交易，其中很大一部分交易歷史涉及沒有 KYC 控制的交易所和暗網市場。

U.S. Treasury Ramps Up Sanctions on Russia-Linked Crypto Companies Amid Evasion Concerns

出於逃稅擔憂，美國財政部加大了對與俄羅斯相關的加密貨幣公司的製裁力度

In a move to counter the use of crypto-related services to evade sanctions, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has designated a group of thirteen entities and two individuals for their alleged role in facilitating transactions and providing cryptocurrency services to sanctioned Russian parties.

為了打擊利用加密貨幣相關服務逃避制裁的行為，美國財政部外國資產管制辦公室 (OFAC) 指定了一個由 13 個實體和兩名個人組成的小組，因為他們涉嫌在促進交易和提供加密貨幣方面發揮作用為受制裁的俄羅斯各方提供服務。

Targeting Russia's Financial Infrastructure

針對俄羅斯的金融基礎設施

The designated companies operate within Russia's key financial infrastructure, providing services in the "financial services and technology sectors of the Russian Federation economy." Additionally, Russia-based and Russia-linked individuals involved in developing and offering virtual asset services that enable sanctioned entities to bypass U.S. sanctions are also targeted.

指定公司在俄羅斯關鍵金融基礎設施內運營，為「俄羅斯聯邦經濟的金融服務和技術部門」提供服務。此外，參與開發和提供虛擬資產服務（使受制裁實體能夠繞過美國制裁）的俄羅斯個人和與俄羅斯有聯繫的個人也成為目標。

Absolute Ban on Transactions

絕對禁止交易

The designations prohibit any transactions or interactions between the designated entities and U.S. individuals or entities. This measure is part of OFAC's and the G7's concerted efforts to thwart the circumvention of sanctions and export control measures by designated parties.

這些指定禁止指定實體與美國個人或實體之間的任何交易或互動。這項措施是 OFAC 和七國集團為阻止指定方規避制裁和出口管制措施而共同努力的一部分。

Treasury's Rationale

財政部的理由

Brian E. Nelson, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence, outlined the Treasury's rationale for the sanctions: "Russia is increasingly turning to alternative payment mechanisms to circumvent U.S. sanctions and continue to fund its war against Ukraine. As the Kremlin seeks to leverage entities in the financial technology space, Treasury will continue to expose and disrupt the companies that seek to help sanctioned Russian financial institutions reconnect to the global financial system."

美國財政部負責恐怖主義和金融情報的副部長布萊恩·尼爾森(Brian E. Nelson) 概述了財政部實施制裁的理由：「俄羅斯越來越多地轉向替代支付機制，以規避美國的製裁，並繼續為其針對烏克蘭的戰爭提供資金。”為了利用金融技術領域的實體，財政部將繼續揭露和擾亂那些尋求幫助受制裁的俄羅斯金融機構重新連接到全球金融體系的公司。”

Role of Netex24 and Bitpapa in Sanctions Evasion

Netex24 和 Bitpapa 在逃避制裁中的作用

Blockchain research firm Chainalysis has released a report highlighting the role of two of the designated entities, Netex24 and Bitpapa, in facilitating sanctions evasion. Netex24, a Moscow-based fintech company operating a crypto exchange, and Bitpapa, a peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange, have enabled significant transactions to sanctioned entities over the past two years.

區塊鏈研究公司 Chainaanalysis 發布了一份報告，強調了兩個指定實體 Netex24 和 Bitpapa 在協助逃避制裁方面的作用。 Netex24 是一家總部位於莫斯科的金融科技公司，經營一家加密貨幣交易所，而 Bitpapa 是一家點對點 (P2P) 交易所，在過去兩年中已為受制裁實體提供了大量交易。

On-Chain Analysis Reveals Suspicious Activity

鏈上分析揭示可疑活動

Chainalysis utilized on-chain data to identify "clusters associated with both services." The report emphasized the significant portion of the companies' transaction history involving exchanges lacking Know Your Customer (KYC) controls and darknet markets.

Chainaanalysis 利用鏈上資料來識別「與這兩種​​服務相關的集群」。該報告強調了這些公司交易歷史的很大一部分涉及缺乏「了解你的客戶」（KYC）控制的交易所和暗網市場。

Massive Fund Outflows for Illegal Purposes

資金大量外流用於非法目的

The designated entities have exhibited substantial fund outflows for potentially illegal purposes. Bitpapa has reportedly transferred 52% of its outflows to sanctioned entities and 32.6% to darknet markets from October 2019 to March 2024. Similarly, Netex24 has directed 46.7% of its outflows to darknet markets and 23.4% to sanctioned entities from October 2016 to March 2024.

指定實體已表現出大量資金外流用於潛在的非法目的。據報道，從2019 年10 月到2024 年3 月，Bitpapa 已將其52% 的資金流出轉移到受制裁實體，32.6% 轉移到暗網市場。同樣，Netex24 從2016 年10 月到2024 年3 月，將其46.7% 的資金流出轉移到暗網市場，23.4% 轉移到受制裁實體。 。

Support for Pro-Russia Groups

支持親俄團體

Chainalysis also identified transactions facilitated by both companies to several pro-Russia militia and propaganda groups, including the OFAC-designated MOO Veche.

Chainaanalysis 還發現了兩家公司向多個親俄羅斯民兵和宣傳團體（包括 OFAC 指定的 MOO Veche）促成的交易。

Intensified Efforts Against Crypto-Related Sanctions Evasion

加大力度打擊與加密貨幣相關的逃避制裁行為

The U.S. government has intensified its scrutiny of entities using crypto-related services to bypass sanctions. In January, sanctions were imposed on platforms facilitating crypto transactions linked to the terrorist group Hamas.

美國政府加強了對使用加密相關服務來繞過制裁的實體的審查。一月份，對與恐怖組織哈馬斯有關的加密貨幣交易平台實施了製裁。

Concerns Raised by Crypto Community

加密社群提出的擔憂

The U.S. has also targeted crypto mixers, which provide anonymity for crypto transactions, due to their misuse by criminal actors. Notably, the bans imposed on Tornado Cash and its founder have raised concerns within the crypto community.

美國也針對加密貨幣混合器，由於它們被犯罪分子濫用，這些混合器為加密貨幣交易提供匿名性。值得注意的是，對 Tornado Cash 及其創始人的禁令引起了加密社群的擔憂。

Conclusion

結論

The Treasury's latest sanctions demonstrate the U.S. government's determination to combat the evasion of sanctions and export control measures through crypto-related services. Entities and individuals involved in facilitating such transactions face the risk of significant consequences, including the prohibition of transactions and interactions with U.S. parties. As the Ukraine conflict continues, the U.S. government is expected to continue its efforts to disrupt the use of cryptocurrencies for illicit purposes.

財政部的最新制裁顯示了美國政府打擊透過加密相關服務逃避制裁和出口管制措施的決心。參與促進此類交易的實體和個人面臨重大後果的風險，包括禁止與美國各方進行交易和互動。隨著烏克蘭衝突的持續，預計美國政府將繼續努力阻止加密貨幣用於非法目的。