为未来改革高等教育：整体计划

学术界和工业界之间的定期师资交流，加上持续的教育举措和体验项目，为双方创造了互惠互利的成果。同样，国家学分框架和多次入境多次退出等学生改革旨在提高灵活性和就业能力。然而，需要采取务实的方法来加速其实施。

Reforming Higher Education for the Future: A Comprehensive Approach

面向未来的高等教育改革：综合方法

The seamless exchange of personnel between academia and industry, facilitated by sabbaticals, continuing education programs, experiential visits, and mentoring initiatives, has proven mutually beneficial for both sectors. However, on the student front, existing reforms such as the National Credit Framework (NCrF), Academic Bank of Credits (ABC), and Multiple Entry Multiple Exit (MEME) mechanisms, while aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, necessitate a pragmatic and prescriptive approach to accelerate their implementation.

事实证明，在休假、继续教育计划、体验式访问和指导计划的推动下，学术界和工业界之间的无缝人员交流对两个行业都是互惠互利的。然而，在学生方面，现有的改革，如国家学分框架 (NCrF)、学术学分银行 (ABC) 和多次进入多次退出 (MEME) 机制，在与 2020 年国家教育政策 (NEP) 保持一致的同时，需要采取务实和规范的方法来加速其实施。

The evolving workplace demands necessitate a proactive restructuring of curricula to equip students with the skills required for their first job market entry. This transformative process, which fosters both faculty development and graduate employability, is a win-win strategy, regardless of its implementation sequence.

不断变化的工作场所需求需要主动调整课程，以使学生具备首次进入就业市场所需的技能。这一变革过程既促进了教师发展，又提高了毕业生的就业能力，无论其实施顺序如何，都是一个双赢的战略。

Finance remains a critical resource for the growth and sustainability of higher education institutions, both public and private. Public universities, including prestigious entities like IITs, IIMs, Central Universities, and CFTIs, generally enjoy an advantage in securing funding. In contrast, state universities face challenges in meeting their financial obligations. Private universities and higher education institutions (HEIs) rely on bank financing, philanthropic grants, and tuition fees. While tuition fees should ideally constitute a smaller portion of financial resources, the current financing model demands innovative solutions. This may entail tax reforms related to public charitable trusts and educational institutions, as well as consortia-based access to debt and bond funds in domestic and international markets.

财政仍然是公立和私立高等教育机构发展和可持续发展的关键资源。公立大学，包括 IIT、IIM、中央大学和 CFTI 等著名实体，通常在获得资金方面享有优势。相比之下，州立大学在履行财务义务方面面临挑战。私立大学和高等教育机构 (HEI) 依赖银行融资、慈善赠款和学费。虽然理想情况下学费应占财政资源的一小部分，但当前的融资模式需要创新的解决方案。这可能需要进行与公共慈善信托和教育机构相关的税收改革，以及基于财团的国内和国际市场债务和债券基金的准入。

As stated by Girish Mathrubootham, Founder-CEO of Freshworks, "The worst case scenario for a failed entrepreneur is an assured job." This perspective resonates strongly with the belief that entrepreneurship should be fostered within college campuses. Existing initiatives like the Atal Innovation Mission, Technology Business Incubators, and Startup India Seed Fund, while necessary, are insufficient to stimulate entrepreneurial spirit among students. Industry collaboration is essential, extending beyond the traditional IIT pathway, recognizing that innovation often originates beyond academic hubs. Isolated ideas require industry partnerships for market entry and scaling support, creating job providers as the best-case outcome and job seekers in the worst-case scenario.

正如 Freshworks 创始人兼首席执行官 Girish Mathrubootham 所说，“对于失败的企业家来说，最糟糕的情况就是一份有保障的工作。”这种观点与应在大学校园内培养创业精神的信念产生了强烈共鸣。现有的举措，如阿塔尔创新使命、科技企业孵化器和印度初创种子基金等举措虽然必要，但不足以激发学生的创业精神。行业合作至关重要，超越传统的个人所得税途径，认识到创新往往起源于学术中心之外。孤立的想法需要行业合作来进入市场和扩大支持，在最好的情况下创造就业机会，在最坏的情况下创造求职者。

The 2019 admissions scandal involving prestigious North American universities, including Yale, Stanford, and Georgetown, highlighted unethical practices in the admissions process. Similar concerns exist within Indian professional college admissions, where capitation fees, dynamic fee-based seat allotment, merit list manipulation, revenue-driven entrance exams, and coaching classes have proliferated. Michael Sandel, in his work "The Tyranny of Merit," advocates for a common good that transcends political divisions. Access to equitable educational opportunities can be achieved through a balanced combination of high school and entrance exam scores, independently determined by central, state, and private HEIs.

2019年涉及耶鲁大学、斯坦福大学和乔治城大学等北美著名大学的招生丑闻凸显了招生过程中的不道德行为。印度职业大学招生也存在类似的担忧，按人头收费、动态收费席位分配、操纵成绩单、以收入为导向的入学考试和辅导课程激增。迈克尔·桑德尔在他的著作《功绩暴政》中倡导超越政治分歧的共同利益。获得公平的教育机会可以通过由中央、州立和私立高等教育机构独立确定的高中和入学考试成绩的平衡组合来实现。

The first 100 days of reform are crucial for all sectors, including higher education. This period should focus on empowering universities, enhancing faculty capabilities, fostering graduate employability, expanding institutional capacity, stimulating entrepreneurial spirit, and ensuring equitable access to education. These five pillars represent a comprehensive roadmap for transforming higher education in India.

改革的前100天对包括高等教育在内的所有部门都至关重要。这一时期应重点关注赋予大学权力、增强教师能力、培养毕业生就业能力、扩大机构能力、激发创业精神、确保公平的教育机会。这五个支柱代表了印度高等教育转型的全面路线图。

S Vaidhyasubramaniam

S Vaidhyasubramaniam

Vice-Chancellor, SASTRA Deemed University

SASTRA 认定大学副校长

vaidhya@sastra.edu

vaidhya@sastra.edu