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今年的喀山金砖国家领导人峰会上,关于成员国使用本币进行贸易结算的讨论很多,但令等待的人感到失望
Bank for International Settlements mBridge Cross-Border Settlement System Handed Over To Participating Central Banks
国际清算银行mBridge跨境结算系统移交给参与央行
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has officially handed over the reins of its mBridge cross-border settlement system to the central banks of China, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand, marking a significant milestone in their efforts to streamline international payments.
国际清算银行(BIS)正式将mBridge跨境结算系统的控制权移交给中国、阿联酋、香港、沙特阿拉伯和泰国央行,这是一个重要的里程碑努力简化国际支付。
This move comes just a week after the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) Summit in Kazan, where member states expressed a keen interest in establishing their own independent payment system. While the handover of mBridge is not directly linked to BRICS, the timing and the involvement of three BRICS central banks in the working group have certainly raised eyebrows.
此举是在金砖国家(巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非)喀山峰会一周后做出的,会上成员国表达了建立自己独立支付系统的浓厚兴趣。虽然mBridge的移交与金砖国家没有直接关系,但金砖国家三个央行的时机和参与工作组的情况无疑引起了人们的关注。
mBridge is a blockchain-based cross-border payment system that enables central banks to tokenize their CBDCs and use them for atomic settlement. This system aims to significantly reduce the time and costs associated with cross-border payments while enhancing efficiency.
mBridge 是一种基于区块链的跨境支付系统,使中央银行能够将其 CBDC 代币化并使用它们进行原子结算。该系统旨在显着减少跨境支付的时间和成本,同时提高效率。
China played a leading role in the mBridge working group, and recently, there have been reports of plans to open-source the blockchain-based software used in the system. This decision could further facilitate the adoption and integration of mBridge by other central banks and payment networks.
中国在mBridge工作组中发挥了主导作用,最近有报道称计划开源该系统中使用的基于区块链的软件。这一决定可以进一步促进其他央行和支付网络对 mBridge 的采用和整合。
As three of the central banks involved in mBridge (China, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia) are also members of BRICS, the possibility of mBridge serving as a foundation for a BRICS payment system cannot be entirely dismissed.
由于参与 mBridge 的三个央行(中国、阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯)也是金砖国家成员,因此不能完全排除 mBridge 作为金砖国家支付系统基础的可能性。
However, BIS boss Agustín Carstens has categorically denied any suggestion that the bank is withdrawing due to links to BRICS, stating that the decision was made because the project is now mature enough to be handed over.
然而,国际清算银行行长阿古斯丁·卡斯滕斯断然否认该银行因与金砖国家的联系而退出的任何说法,并表示做出这一决定是因为该项目现在已经足够成熟,可以移交。
“mBridge is not the BRICS Bridge, and I have to say that categorically. mBridge was not created to cater (to) the needs of BRICS. It was put together to satisfy broad central bank necessities,” Carstens asserted.
“mBridge不是金砖国家桥梁,我必须明确地说。 mBridge 的创建并不是为了满足金砖国家的需求。它的成立是为了满足央行的广泛需求,”卡斯滕斯断言。
During his speech at the Santander International Banking Conference, Carstens also addressed the importance of ensuring that any projects undertaken by the BIS do not facilitate the violation of sanctions.
卡斯滕斯在桑坦德国际银行会议上发表讲话时还谈到了确保国际清算银行开展的任何项目不会助长违反制裁的重要性。
“Whatever projects we put together should not be a conduit to violate sanctions,” he stated.
“无论我们推出什么项目,都不应该成为违反制裁的渠道,”他表示。
BRICS members have been discussing the need for an alternative payment system and de-dollarization since around 2010. However, these calls have become more urgent following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent imposition of sanctions by the United States and its allies.
自2010年左右以来,金砖国家成员一直在讨论替代支付系统和去美元化的必要性。然而,在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰以及美国及其盟国随后实施制裁后,这些呼吁变得更加紧迫。
Russian President Vladimir Putin has strongly condemned the freezing of $300 billion of his country’s currency reserves, describing it as “theft.” He has also warned that the United States will regret using its currency and the payment system it largely controls as a weapon, predicting that it will accelerate the process of de-dollarization.
俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京强烈谴责冻结俄罗斯3000亿美元货币储备的行为,称其为“盗窃”。他还警告说,美国将后悔将其货币及其主要控制的支付系统用作武器,并预测这将加速去美元化进程。
Considering the strained relationship between the United States and China in recent years and their ongoing tit-for-tat trade war, BRICS has at least two influential members who stand to benefit greatly from an alternative payment system.
考虑到近年来美国和中国之间的紧张关系以及持续不断的针锋相对的贸易战,金砖国家至少有两个有影响力的成员有望从替代支付体系中获益匪浅。
With China already being the largest economy in the world on a GDP PPP basis, the successful launch of an alternative payment system to challenge SWIFT and the use of USD in international trade would pose a significant challenge to U.S. power.
由于中国已成为按 GDP 购买力平价计算的全球最大经济体,成功推出挑战 SWIFT 的替代支付系统以及在国际贸易中使用美元将对美国实力构成重大挑战。
While BRICS members have openly stated their goal to de-dollarize, the greenback is expected to continue playing a crucial role in international trade for the foreseeable future.
尽管金砖国家成员公开表示了去美元化的目标,但预计美元在可预见的未来将继续在国际贸易中发挥至关重要的作用。
The United States boasts the deepest capital markets, and the USD is still involved in 90% of all FX transactions. Additionally, central banks hold approximately 46% of all reserves in USD, making it the undisputed king of currencies.
美国拥有最深厚的资本市场,90%的外汇交易仍以美元为主。此外,各国央行持有美元约 46% 的储备,使其成为无可争议的货币之王。
China, Russia, and other BRICS members have a long way to go before any of their currencies can challenge the dollar in a meaningful way. Nevertheless, any independence they can achieve in this regard will contribute to their efforts to fully de-dollarize and neutralize the ability of the West to impose sanctions or dictate terms in international commerce and trade.
中国、俄罗斯和其他金砖国家的货币要想真正挑战美元,还有很长的路要走。然而,他们在这方面能够实现的任何独立性都将有助于他们努力完全去美元化并削弱西方在国际商业和贸易中实施制裁或规定条款的能力。
Although the complete de-dollarization process may take an extended period of time, BRICS members are steadily advancing towards this goal, and the pace of their march is likely to accelerate in the years to come.
尽管完全去美元化进程可能需要较长时间,但金砖国家正在朝着这一目标稳步前进,而且未来几年前进的步伐可能会加快。
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