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如果您关注全球经济中的重大事件,您可能会记得黎巴嫩最近的过去是现代发达经济体全面货币崩溃的生动例子。
Tony Yazbeck is co-founder of The Bitcoin Way and a bitcoin educator. He experienced firsthand the devastating effects of Lebanon’s economic collapse, which included hyperinflation, food shortages, and a complete loss of trust in the banking system. In this interview, Tony shares his story and explains how bitcoin could have been a lifeline for many Lebanese people during this crisis.
Tony Yazbeck 是 The Bitcoin Way 的联合创始人,也是一位比特币教育家。他亲身经历了黎巴嫩经济崩溃的破坏性影响,包括恶性通货膨胀、粮食短缺以及对银行系统完全失去信任。在这次采访中,托尼分享了他的故事,并解释了比特币如何在这场危机中成为许多黎巴嫩人民的生命线。
Before the economic collapse, Lebanon was a vibrant and prosperous country, often called the “Paris of the Middle East.” Its economy thrived on banking, tourism, and services, and it was positioned as a bridge between East and West. For Tony, this prosperity wasn’t an illusion — it was his daily life.
在经济崩溃之前,黎巴嫩是一个充满活力和繁荣的国家,通常被称为“中东巴黎”。它的经济依靠银行业、旅游业和服务业蓬勃发展,并被定位为东西方之间的桥梁。对于托尼来说,这种繁荣并不是幻觉——这就是他的日常生活。
“My life in Lebanon was extraordinary,” he recalls. “I ran three thriving businesses and lived a luxurious lifestyle. Whether it was the latest cars, the best restaurants, or the hottest clubs, Beirut had it all. I was living the high life and making a lot of money.”
“我在黎巴嫩的生活非同寻常,”他回忆道。 “我经营着三项蓬勃发展的生意,过着奢华的生活方式。无论是最新的汽车、最好的餐厅还是最热门的俱乐部,贝鲁特一应俱全。我过着奢侈的生活,赚了很多钱。”
Yet beneath the surface, cracks were forming. Lebanon’s banking sector, once a source of pride, was built on unsustainable practices, and the country was drowning in debt. For years, Lebanon’s central bank had pegged the Lebanese pound to the U.S. dollar at an artificially high rate, creating a false sense of stability.
然而在表面之下,裂缝正在形成。黎巴嫩的银行业曾经令人自豪,但现在却建立在不可持续的做法之上,该国正深陷债务之中。多年来,黎巴嫩央行一直以人为的高汇率将黎巴嫩镑与美元挂钩,造成了一种虚假的稳定感。
This currency peg required constant inflows of dollars to maintain. When those inflows dried up, the house of cards collapsed.
这种钉住汇率制度需要美元不断流入才能维持。当这些资金流入枯竭时,纸牌屋就倒塌了。
In 2019, Lebanon’s banks began restricting access to savings, imposing informal capital controls without any legal framework.
2019年,黎巴嫩银行开始限制储蓄渠道,在没有任何法律框架的情况下实施非正式资本管制。
“Overnight, people lost access to their funds,” Tony says. “You couldn’t withdraw your own money, and even if you could, it was in Lebanese pounds that were rapidly losing value. I remember going to the bank to withdraw money for my rent, and they told me I couldn’t have it. It was a surreal and terrifying moment.”
“一夜之间,人们失去了资金来源,”托尼说。 “你无法提取自己的钱,即使可以,黎巴嫩镑也正在迅速贬值。我记得去银行取钱支付房租,他们告诉我拿不到。这是一个超现实且可怕的时刻。”
For those unfamiliar with a currency crisis, the limitation of bank withdrawals is one of the first signs that the system is failing. The government and banks try to delay the inevitable by locking down money in the system. By then, it’s too late.
对于那些不熟悉货币危机的人来说,银行提款的限制是该系统失败的首要迹象之一。政府和银行试图通过锁定系统中的资金来推迟不可避免的事情。到那时,就太晚了。
In early 2020, Lebanon defaulted on its foreign debt, and the value of the Lebanese pound plummeted. Hyperinflation set in, destroying the purchasing power of ordinary people.
2020年初,黎巴嫩外债违约,黎巴嫩镑大幅贬值。恶性通货膨胀开始摧毁普通民众的购买力。
Tony watched helplessly as his savings evaporated and his businesses crumbled. “I went from being a successful entrepreneur to having just $70 to my name in what felt like the blink of an eye,” he recalls. “I couldn’t pay rent, school fees, or even afford basic groceries. I had to rely on friends and family for help just to survive.”
托尼无助地看着自己的积蓄蒸发、生意崩溃。 “眨眼之间,我就从一名成功的企业家变成了名下只有 70 美元的人,”他回忆道。 “我付不起房租、学费,甚至买不起基本的杂货。我必须依靠朋友和家人的帮助才能生存。”
Hyperinflation took hold with shocking speed. “A loaf of bread that once cost 1,500 LBP shot up to over 30,000 LBP within months,” Tony explains. “Fuel prices were even worse. In early 2023, a gallon of gas went from 25,000 LBP to over 500,000 LBP in just a few weeks. It was impossible to keep up with the prices.”
恶性通货膨胀以惊人的速度发生。 “一条面包的售价一度为 1,500 磅,几个月内飙升至 30,000 磅,”托尼解释道。 “燃油价格更糟。 2023 年初,一加仑汽油在短短几周内从 25,000 LBP 升至超过 500,000 LBP。跟不上价格是不可能的。”
The destruction wasn’t limited to material wealth; the psychological toll was immense. Tony describes the anxiety and panic that came with watching his hard-earned success disappear.
破坏不仅限于物质财富;还包括物质财富。心理上的损失是巨大的。托尼描述了看着自己来之不易的成功消失所带来的焦虑和恐慌。
“For the first time in my life, I didn’t know what to do,” he says. “I felt completely helpless, like I was drowning in a sea of problems with no way out. I couldn’t sleep at night, and I was constantly worried about how I was going to provide for my family and myself.”
“我有生以来第一次不知道该做什么,”他说。 “我感到完全无助,就像淹没在问题的海洋中,无路可走。我晚上无法入睡,一直担心如何养活家人和自己。”
As Lebanon’s currency collapsed, so did its social fabric. People who once lived comfortable, middle-class lives suddenly found themselves struggling for survival. Basic goods became scarce, and the price of everyday items skyrocketed.
随着黎巴嫩货币崩溃,其社会结构也崩溃了。曾经过着舒适的中产阶级生活的人们突然发现自己为生存而苦苦挣扎。基本商品变得稀缺,日常用品的价格飞涨。
Power dynamics within communities shifted as those who controlled essentials like food and fuel gained disproportionate influence. “There were reports of gangs taking over neighborhoods, controlling access to goods and demanding protection fees,” Tony recalls.
随着那些控制食品和燃料等必需品的人获得了不成比例的影响力,社区内的权力动态发生了变化。 “有报道称,帮派占领了社区,控制货物的获取,并索要保护费,”托尼回忆道。
Even electricity became a luxury. With the national grid in shambles, most people had to rely on private generators, but the cost of running them was astronomical. “Monthly generator fees jumped from 200,000 LBP to over 4,000,000 LBP,” Tony explains. Many families were forced to live without power for long stretches of time.
甚至连电都成了奢侈品。由于国家电网陷入混乱,大多数人不得不依赖私人发电机,但运行它们的成本却是天文数字。 “每月发电费从 200,000 LBP 跃升至超过 4,000,000 LBP,”托尼解释道。许多家庭被迫长期断电。
In response to the crisis, people turned to alternative forms of exchange. Bartering became common, with people trading goods and services directly. “If you couldn’t pay in cash, you might offer plumbing work in exchange for groceries,” Tony says.
为了应对危机,人们转向其他形式的交换。物物交换变得普遍,人们直接交易商品和服务。 “如果你不能用现金支付,你可以提供管道工程来换取食品杂货,”托尼说。
The U.S. dollar, already widely used before the collapse, became the default currency for many transactions. Digital currencies, and especially stable coins like Tether (USDT), also gained traction as people
美元在崩溃之前就已经广泛使用,成为许多交易的默认货币。数字货币,尤其是像 Tether (USDT) 这样的稳定币,也随着人们的关注而受到关注。
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