您需要了解的有关CBDC的一切

中央银行数字货币（CBDC）是由国家央行创建的数字代币，与一个国家的法定货币的价值相关

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are the digital tokens of a country’s currency issued by the central bank. They are units of account, a medium of payment, and a store of value, just like cash but in digital form.

中央银行数字货币（CBDC）是中央银行发行的一个国家货币的数字代币。它们是帐户单位，付款媒介和价值存储，就像现金一样，但数字形式。

They are direct claims on the central bank and are pegged to the value of the national fiat currency, such as the US dollar, euro, or yen. Unlike cryptocurrencies, which are decentralized, CBDCs are issued and controlled by central banks, ensuring that they are stable and reflect the value of traditional currencies.

它们是中央银行的直接索赔，并与国家法定货币的价值（例如美元，欧元或日元）挂钩。与分散的加密货币不同，CBDC由中央银行发行和控制，确保它们稳定并反映了传统货币的价值。

Essentially, CBDCs offer a digital alternative to physical money, functioning similarly to prepaid cards or digital wallet balances but without the need for third-party intermediaries like commercial banks.

从本质上讲，CBDCS提供了实物货币的数字替代品，与预付费卡或数字钱包余额相似，但不需要商业银行等第三方中介机构。

While many countries are still in the early stages of developing CBDC models, important considerations remain, such as accessibility, privacy, interest-bearing capabilities, and the potential to replace cash entirely.

尽管许多国家仍处于开发CBDC模型的早期阶段，但仍然存在重要的考虑因素，例如可访问性，隐私，拥有利息的能力以及完全替代现金的潜力。

As society moves towards digital payments, the demand for alternative financial services is growing, especially among the unbanked population.

随着社会朝着数字支付的发展，对替代金融服务的需求正在增长，尤其是在没有银行的人​​口中。

CBDCs aim to provide greater access to central bank money, reduce reliance on intermediaries, and potentially lower the cost of cross-border transactions, which could be especially beneficial for institutions and large corporations. They could also help to mitigate the risk of bank failures and streamline monetary policies.

CBDC的目的是为中央银行货币提供更多的机会，减少对中介机构的依赖，并有可能降低跨境交易的成本，这可能对机构和大公司特别有益。他们还可以帮助减轻银行失败的风险并简化货币政策。

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift away from physical cash as governments and financial institutions sought new ways to provide financial assistance and services during lockdown measures.

由于政府和金融机构在锁定措施期间寻求新方法来提供经济援助和服务，因此COVID-19的大流行促进了从实体现金的转变。

This increased interest in digital currencies, ultimately leading to the development of CBDCs. The primary goal is to offer a safe, efficient, and accessible form of money for businesses and consumers, enhancing privacy, convenience, and financial inclusion.

对数字货币的兴趣增加，最终导致了CBDC的发展。主要目标是为企业和消费者提供安全，高效且可访问的资金形式，增强隐私，便利性和财务包容性。

The introduction of CBDCs also comes in response to the rise of private electronic money systems, such as digital wallets and cryptocurrencies.

CBDC的引入还响应私人电子货币系统的兴起，例如数字钱包和加密货币。

Unlike cryptocurrencies, which are decentralized and can be highly volatile, CBDCs are designed to be stable and are backed by the government, rendering them suitable for use in everyday transactions as legal tender.

与分散的加密货币不同，CBDC被设计为稳定并得到政府的支持，使它们适合于日常交易中作为法定招标。

Although CBDCs are often compared to cryptocurrencies, there are crucial differences. Cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks, without government backing, and their value is driven by market sentiment and speculation.

尽管通常将CBDC与加密货币进行比较，但存在至关重要的差异。加密货币在没有政府支持的情况下在分散的网络上运行，其价值是由市场情绪和猜测驱动的。

In contrast, CBDCs are centrally regulated, stable coins pegged to the value of national currencies, and are intended to be used for large-scale adoption in financial systems.

相比之下，CBDC被集中监管，稳定的硬币固定在国家货币的价值上，并旨在用于金融系统中的大规模采用。

There are two main types of CBDCs: retail and wholesale. Retail CBDCs are designed for use by the general public for seamless peer-to-peer payments, efficient online transactions, and facilitating financial inclusion.

CBDC有两种主要类型：零售和批发。零售CBDC旨在使用公众使用，用于无缝点对点付款，有效的在线交易以及促进金融包容性。

On the other hand, wholesale CBDCs are focused on improving settlement efficiency for financial institutions and large corporations, addressing issues related to liquidity and counterparty risks in financial markets.

另一方面，批发CBDC专注于提高金融机构和大公司的结算效率，以解决与金融市场中流动性和交易对手风险有关的问题。

When designing CBDCs, central banks must choose between two main structures: token-based or account-based systems. Token-based systems offer a higher level of anonymity, with users relying on cryptographic keys to manage their tokens and transactions, similar to private cryptocurrencies.

在设计CBDC时，中央银行必须在两个主要结构之间进行选择：基于令牌或基于帐户的系统。基于令牌的系统提供更高级别的匿名性，用户依靠加密密钥来管理其令牌和交易，类似于私人加密货币。

In contrast, account-based systems are linked to users’ bank accounts, requiring personal identification and adherence to regulatory standards like Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) laws.

相比之下，基于帐户的系统与用户的银行帐户相关联，需要个人身份证明和遵守法规标准，例如了解您的客户（KYC）（KYC）和反洗钱（AML）法律。

The implementation of CBDCs could lead to more streamlined and secure payment systems, reducing fraud and facilitating faster transactions. However, the hyper-centralization of financial control may raise concerns over privacy violations and increased government surveillance.

CBDC的实施可能会导致更精简和确保支付系统，从而减少欺诈并促进更快的交易。但是，财务控制的过度偏心可能会引起人们对侵犯隐私行为的关注，并增加了政府监视。

Additionally, while cross-border payments could become more efficient, legal and regulatory hurdles would need to be overcome for seamless cross-system transactions.

此外，尽管跨境支付可能会变得更加高效，但对于无缝的跨系统交易，需要克服法律和监管障碍。

Several countries are already in the advanced stages of exploring the potential of CBDCs. For example, China’s digital yuan, known as the e-CNY, is rapidly advancing, with the country launching pilot programs in various cities to test the central bank token in real-world scenarios. The US is also engaging in research on a digital dollar, with the Federal Reserve working with leading banks, including Citi and Wells Fargo, to assess the potential benefits, risks, and best practices for introducing a central bank digital currency.

几个国家已经处于探索CBDC潜力的高级阶段。例如，中国的数字人民币（称为E-CNY）正在迅速发展，该国在各个城市启动了试点计划，以在现实世界中测试中央银行代币。美国还正在研究数字美元的研究，美联储与花旗和富国银行在内的领先银行合作，以评估引入中央银行数字货币的潜在收益，风险和最佳实践。

The European Union is developing the digital euro, which would offer a stable, government-backed alternative to private digital currencies in the EU, similar to how the euro is a central bank currency. Sweden is progressing with its e-krona project, while the Bahamas have already launched their Sand Dollar. These initiatives highlight the growing momentum towards introducing CBDCs in major economies.

欧洲联盟正在开发数字欧元，该数字欧元将提供欧盟中私人数字货币的稳定，政府支持的替代品，类似于欧元的中央银行货币。瑞典的E-Krona项目正在进步，而巴哈马已经推出了他们的沙美元。这些举措强调了在主要经济体中引入CBDC的日益增长的动力。