您需要了解的有關CBDC的一切

中央銀行數字貨幣（CBDC）是由國家央行創建的數字代幣，與一個國家的法定貨幣的價值相關

Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) are the digital tokens of a country’s currency issued by the central bank. They are units of account, a medium of payment, and a store of value, just like cash but in digital form.

中央銀行數字貨幣（CBDC）是中央銀行發行的一個國家貨幣的數字代幣。它們是帳戶單位，付款媒介和價值存儲，就像現金一樣，但數字形式。

They are direct claims on the central bank and are pegged to the value of the national fiat currency, such as the US dollar, euro, or yen. Unlike cryptocurrencies, which are decentralized, CBDCs are issued and controlled by central banks, ensuring that they are stable and reflect the value of traditional currencies.

它們是中央銀行的直接索賠，並與國家法定貨幣的價值（例如美元，歐元或日元）掛鉤。與分散的加密貨幣不同，CBDC由中央銀行發行和控制，確保它們穩定並反映了傳統貨幣的價值。

Essentially, CBDCs offer a digital alternative to physical money, functioning similarly to prepaid cards or digital wallet balances but without the need for third-party intermediaries like commercial banks.

從本質上講，CBDCS提供了實物貨幣的數字替代品，與預付費卡或數字錢包餘額相似，但不需要商業銀行等第三方中介機構。

While many countries are still in the early stages of developing CBDC models, important considerations remain, such as accessibility, privacy, interest-bearing capabilities, and the potential to replace cash entirely.

儘管許多國家仍處於開發CBDC模型的早期階段，但仍然存在重要的考慮因素，例如可訪問性，隱私，擁有利息的能力以及完全替代現金的潛力。

As society moves towards digital payments, the demand for alternative financial services is growing, especially among the unbanked population.

隨著社會朝著數字支付的發展，對替代金融服務的需求正在增長，尤其是在沒有銀行的人​​口中。

CBDCs aim to provide greater access to central bank money, reduce reliance on intermediaries, and potentially lower the cost of cross-border transactions, which could be especially beneficial for institutions and large corporations. They could also help to mitigate the risk of bank failures and streamline monetary policies.

CBDC的目的是為中央銀行貨幣提供更多的機會，減少對中介機構的依賴，並有可能降低跨境交易的成本，這可能對機構和大公司特別有益。他們還可以幫助減輕銀行失敗的風險並簡化貨幣政策。

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift away from physical cash as governments and financial institutions sought new ways to provide financial assistance and services during lockdown measures.

由於政府和金融機構在鎖定措施期間尋求新方法來提供經濟援助和服務，因此COVID-19的大流行促進了從實體現金的轉變。

This increased interest in digital currencies, ultimately leading to the development of CBDCs. The primary goal is to offer a safe, efficient, and accessible form of money for businesses and consumers, enhancing privacy, convenience, and financial inclusion.

對數字貨幣的興趣增加，最終導致了CBDC的發展。主要目標是為企業和消費者提供安全，高效且可訪問的資金形式，增強隱私，便利性和財務包容性。

The introduction of CBDCs also comes in response to the rise of private electronic money systems, such as digital wallets and cryptocurrencies.

CBDC的引入還響應私人電子貨幣系統的興起，例如數字錢包和加密貨幣。

Unlike cryptocurrencies, which are decentralized and can be highly volatile, CBDCs are designed to be stable and are backed by the government, rendering them suitable for use in everyday transactions as legal tender.

與分散的加密貨幣不同，CBDC被設計為穩定並得到政府的支持，使它們適合於日常交易中作為法定招標。

Although CBDCs are often compared to cryptocurrencies, there are crucial differences. Cryptocurrencies operate on decentralized networks, without government backing, and their value is driven by market sentiment and speculation.

儘管通常將CBDC與加密貨幣進行比較，但存在至關重要的差異。加密貨幣在沒有政府支持的情況下在分散的網絡上運行，其價值是由市場情緒和猜測驅動的。

In contrast, CBDCs are centrally regulated, stable coins pegged to the value of national currencies, and are intended to be used for large-scale adoption in financial systems.

相比之下，CBDC被集中監管，穩定的硬幣固定在國家貨幣的價值上，並旨在用於金融系統中的大規模採用。

There are two main types of CBDCs: retail and wholesale. Retail CBDCs are designed for use by the general public for seamless peer-to-peer payments, efficient online transactions, and facilitating financial inclusion.

CBDC有兩種主要類型：零售和批發。零售CBDC旨在使用公眾使用，用於無縫點對點付款，有效的在線交易以及促進金融包容性。

On the other hand, wholesale CBDCs are focused on improving settlement efficiency for financial institutions and large corporations, addressing issues related to liquidity and counterparty risks in financial markets.

另一方面，批發CBDC專注於提高金融機構和大公司的結算效率，以解決與金融市場中流動性和交易對手風險有關的問題。

When designing CBDCs, central banks must choose between two main structures: token-based or account-based systems. Token-based systems offer a higher level of anonymity, with users relying on cryptographic keys to manage their tokens and transactions, similar to private cryptocurrencies.

在設計CBDC時，中央銀行必須在兩個主要結構之間進行選擇：基於令牌或基於帳戶的系統。基於令牌的系統提供更高級別的匿名性，用戶依靠加密密鑰來管理其令牌和交易，類似於私人加密貨幣。

In contrast, account-based systems are linked to users’ bank accounts, requiring personal identification and adherence to regulatory standards like Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) laws.

相比之下，基於帳戶的系統與用戶的銀行帳戶相關聯，需要個人身份證明和遵守法規標準，例如了解您的客戶（KYC）（KYC）和反洗錢（AML）法律。

The implementation of CBDCs could lead to more streamlined and secure payment systems, reducing fraud and facilitating faster transactions. However, the hyper-centralization of financial control may raise concerns over privacy violations and increased government surveillance.

CBDC的實施可能會導致更精簡和確保支付系統，從而減少欺詐並促進更快的交易。但是，財務控制的過度偏心可能會引起人們對侵犯隱私行為的關注，並增加了政府監視。

Additionally, while cross-border payments could become more efficient, legal and regulatory hurdles would need to be overcome for seamless cross-system transactions.

此外，儘管跨境支付可能會變得更加高效，但對於無縫的跨系統交易，需要克服法律和監管障礙。

Several countries are already in the advanced stages of exploring the potential of CBDCs. For example, China’s digital yuan, known as the e-CNY, is rapidly advancing, with the country launching pilot programs in various cities to test the central bank token in real-world scenarios. The US is also engaging in research on a digital dollar, with the Federal Reserve working with leading banks, including Citi and Wells Fargo, to assess the potential benefits, risks, and best practices for introducing a central bank digital currency.

幾個國家已經處於探索CBDC潛力的高級階段。例如，中國的數字人民幣（稱為E-CNY）正在迅速發展，該國在各個城市啟動了試點計劃，以在現實世界中測試中央銀行代幣。美國還正在研究數字美元的研究，美聯儲與花旗和富國銀行在內的領先銀行合作，以評估引入中央銀行數字貨幣的潛在收益，風險和最佳實踐。

The European Union is developing the digital euro, which would offer a stable, government-backed alternative to private digital currencies in the EU, similar to how the euro is a central bank currency. Sweden is progressing with its e-krona project, while the Bahamas have already launched their Sand Dollar. These initiatives highlight the growing momentum towards introducing CBDCs in major economies.

歐洲聯盟正在開發數字歐元，該數字歐元將提供歐盟中私人數字貨幣的穩定，政府支持的替代品，類似於歐元的中央銀行貨幣。瑞典的E-Krona項目正在進步，而巴哈馬已經推出了他們的沙美元。這些舉措強調了在主要經濟體中引入CBDC的日益增長的動力。