專家警告

專家發現，由飲食公司推廣的設備，大量高估了血糖讀數。

Experts have warned that wearable blood sugar monitors, which count stars like Davina McCall and Dragons' Den star Steven Bartlett among their fans, could be doing more harm than good.

專家警告說，可耐磨性的血糖監測器將諸如戴維娜·麥考爾（Davina McCall）和龍之星史蒂文·巴特利特（Steven Bartlett）等明星列為粉絲，可能弊大於利。

Academics examining the devices, which are being promoted by diet companies like ZOE, found they massively overestimated the size and duration of blood sugar spikes.

研究設備的學者正在由Zoe等飲食公司推廣的設備，發現它們大量高估了血糖尖峰的大小和持續時間。

This, they said, could lead to healthy people "misdiagnosing" themselves with problems like prediabetes and becoming unnecessarily anxious.

他們說，這可能會導致健康的人“誤診”諸如糖尿病之前的問題和變得不必要的焦慮。

The false readings could also lead to users believing healthy foods like fruit were causing a worrying blood sugar spike and shunning them as a result, experts warned.

專家警告說，虛假的讀數還可能導致用戶認為，像水果這樣的健康食品會引起令人擔憂的血糖峰值並因此而避開它們。

The technology, which is embedded in several health and diet programmes, sees users wear a small circular sticker on their arm which provides detailed information on blood sugar levels after eating food via a small probe in the skin which beams information to a paired smartphone.

該技術嵌入了多個健康和飲食計劃中，可以看到用戶在手臂上戴著一個小圓形貼紙，通過皮膚中的小探頭食用食物後，提供了有關血糖水平的詳細信息，該探針將信息帶到配對的智能手機上。

While the devices were developed for and have been used by people with diabetes - a condition which causes persistently high blood sugar - for years.

多年來，糖尿病患者開發了設備並已被糖尿病患者使用（這種疾病）多年了。

But the technology is increasingly being sold to healthy people as a way to find foods that can cause them a worrying "blood spike".

但是，這項技術越來越多地出售給健康的人，以尋找可以使他們令人擔憂的“血液尖峰”的食物。

Health brands like Professor Tim Spector's ZOE, which sells its own monitor, say avoiding these spikes can help reduce cravings, limiting the intake of excess calories.

出售自己的顯示器的蒂姆·斯佩克特（Tim Spector）教授的佐伊（Tim Spector）教授的衛生品牌說，避免使用這些尖峰可以幫助減少渴望，從而限制了過量卡路里的攝入量。

This, they add, reduces the risk of obesity and its related diseases.

他們補充說，這減少了肥胖及其相關疾病的風險。

But experts said the new study is yet more evidence the devices are unreliable when worn by people who do not have diabetes.

但是專家說，這項新研究是更多證據，當沒有糖尿病的人穿著時，設備是不可靠的。

To test them, University of Bath experts took a small group of healthy non-diabetic volunteers, nine women and seven men, who each undertook seven tests.

為了測試他們，巴斯大學專家參加了一小群健康的非糖尿病志願者，九名女性和七名男子，他們每人都進行了七項測試。

During each visit participants ate either whole fruit, blended fruit, smoothies or a pure glucose product which acted as a control.

在每次拜訪期間，參與者都可以用作對照的整個水果，混合水果，冰沙或純葡萄糖產品。

The 15 volunteers wore a CGM and had medical grade finger prick blood tests taken every 15 minutes for two hours.

15名志願者穿著CGM，並進行了醫療級手指刺血測試，每15分鐘進行兩個小時。

Experts then compared the blood sugar reading provided by the CGM to the actual levels recorded by the blood tests.

然後，專家將CGM提供的血糖讀數與血液檢查記錄的實際水平進行了比較。

They found the CGMs they tested, the Abbot Freestyle Libre 2, bumped up blood sugar readings by 30 per cent compared to their real level.

他們發現了他們測試的CGM，Abbot Freestyle Libre 2，與實際水平相比，血糖讀數增加了30％。

But the biggest error was in blood sugar spike duration. Scientists found the CGMs overestimated by 400 per cent the length of time a person's blood sugar was raised.

但是最大的錯誤是血糖峰值持續時間。科學家發現，CGM高估了一個人的血糖的時間長度。

CGMs are said to be unable to measure glucose in blood directly but rather in the fluid surrounding cells, which could be influencing the results

據說CGM無法直接測量血液中的葡萄糖，而是在周圍細胞的液體中，這可能會影響結果

He added that problems with CGMs' accuracy had been reported in previous research, adding that the devices appeared to struggle to keep pace with rapid changes in blood sugar.

他補充說，在先前的研究中已經報導了CGMS精度的問題，並補充說，這些設備似乎很難跟上血糖的快速變化。

Writing in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, the authors concluded that CGMs are "unlikely" to be a valid way to determine if a food causes high blood sugar or not in people without diabetes.

作者在《美國臨床營養雜誌》中寫道，得出的結論是，CGM“不太可能”成為確定食物是否會導致血糖是否導致沒有糖尿病的人的高血糖的有效方法。

Professor Javier Gonzalez, an author of the study and an expert in nutrition and metabolism, said: "For healthy individuals, relying on CGMs could lead to unnecessary food restrictions or poor dietary choices. If you want to assess your blood sugar accurately, traditional methods are still the way to go."

該研究的作者，營養和代謝專家哈維爾·岡薩雷斯（Javier Gonzalez）教授說：“對於健康的人來說，依靠CGM可能會導致不必要的食物限製或飲食中的不良選擇。如果您想準確地評估血糖，傳統方法，傳統方法仍然是要走的路。”

Professor Gonzalez said how much glucose was in this fluid could be influenced by several external factors.

岡薩雷斯教授說，這種液體中有多少葡萄糖受到幾個外部因素的影響。

"This can lead to discrepancies due to factors like time delays, blood flow, and how glucose moves between different parts of the body," he said.

他說：“這可能會導致由於時間延遲，血流以及葡萄糖如何在身體不同部位移動等因素而導致的差異。”

Dr Adam Collins, an expert in nutrition at the University of Surrey and who was not involved in the study, said the finding echoed observations his team had made in a similar experiment.

薩里大學營養專家亞當·柯林斯博士（Adam Collins）博士沒有參與研究，他說，這一發現與他的團隊在類似的實驗中做出了回應的觀察結果。

"We are in the middle of a similar validation study investigating the accuracy and reliability of CGMS and have observed that discrepancies can be as high as 1-1.5mmol/L," he said.

他說：“我們正處於類似的驗證研究中，研究了CGM的準確性和可靠性，並觀察到差異可以高達1-1.5mmol/l。”

He said this "misinterpretation and misdiagnosis" among users was leading some to make dietary and lifestyle changes in response to blood sugar readings that were essentially "normal variations".

他說，用戶中的這種“誤解和誤診”正在導致一些人對飲食和生活方式的改變，以應對本質上是“正常變化”的血糖讀數。

Dr Collins added research his team was working on also showed CGMs worn by the same person on different body parts could show different results.

柯林斯博士補充說，他的團隊正在進行的研究還顯示，同一個人在不同身體部位上穿著的CGM可能會顯示出不同的結果。

"For example, differences between having the device fitted on your dominant or non-dominant arm," he said.

他說：“例如，將設備安裝在主導或非主導臂上之間的差異。”

Several firms, including the ZOE programme - founded by diet guru Professor Tim Spector - offer the high-tech gadgets, called continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), which track a customer's blood sugar levels via a stick-on patch on their arm

由Diet Guru教授Tim Spector創立的多家公司（包括Zoe計劃）提供了高科技小工具，稱為連續葡萄糖監測器（CGMS），它們通過手臂上的粘貼貼片跟踪客戶的血糖水平

Nicola Guess, an academic dietitian and researcher at the University of Oxford who was not involved in the study, said the results suggested healthy people using CGMs could be led to believe they had a worrying health condition.

牛津大學的學術營養師和研究人員尼古拉·猜沒有參與研究，結果表明，使用CGM的健康人員可能會相信他們的健康狀況令人擔憂。

"The investigators found that CGMs overestimate glucose to a clinically-relevant degree in healthy people without prediabetes or diabetes," she said.

她說：“研究人員發現，在沒有糖尿病前期或糖尿病的健康人群中，CGM高估了葡萄糖至臨床上的葡萄糖。”

"This means that people who have normal glucose may be led to believe they have prediabetes.

“這意味著患有正常葡萄糖的人可能會相信自己患有糖尿病。

"I would advise people

“我會建議人們