特朗普準備開始對半導體進口的國家安全調查

唐納德·特朗普總統已承諾對半導體進口進行國家安全調查。該調查是根據《貿易擴展法》第232條進行的

President Donald Trump announced on Sunday that the U.S. will be launching a national security investigation into semiconductor imports.

唐納德·特朗普總統週日宣布，美國將對半導體進口進行國家安全調查。

The probe, which is being conducted under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act, will examine whether the country’s heavy dependence on foreign chips threatens its national security.

根據《貿易擴張法》第232條進行的調查將檢查該國對外國芯片的嚴重依賴是否威脅到其國家安全。

If the findings are affirmative, the U.S. could impose tariffs on semiconductors and related technologies.

如果發現是肯定的，那麼美國可以對半導體和相關技術徵收關稅。

Most of America’s chips are made in East Asia, specifically Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, and China. Trump’s team argues that this reliance is dangerous, particularly amid escalating global tensions.

美國大部分籌碼都是在東亞，特別是台灣，韓國，日本，馬來西亞和中國製造的。特朗普的團隊認為，這種依賴是危險的，尤其是在全球緊張局勢升級的情況下。

The tariffs in question would be applied at a proposed rate of 25% and gradually increased over time. The goal is to encourage companies to manufacture chips in the U.S., where Trump claims they will be safe and under control.

相關的關稅將以擬議的25％的速度應用，並且隨著時間的推移逐漸增加。目的是鼓勵公司在美國製造籌碼，特朗普聲稱他們將是安全和控制的。

Last Friday, the U.S. government announced a surprising move: a temporary exemption for consumer electronics, smartphones, laptops, and tablets from the latest round of steep mutual tariffs on Chinese imports.

上週五，美國政府宣布了一個令人驚訝的舉動：對消費電子產品，智能手機，筆記本電腦和平板電腦的臨時豁免，對中國進口的最新一輪相互關稅。

This announcement brought immediate relief to tech giants like Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), Dell (NYSE:DVMT), and HP (NYSE:HPQ), all of which rely heavily on manufacturing operations in China. For instance, Apple has the majority of its iPhones assembled in factories in China by contractors like Foxconn.

這一公告使蘋果（NASDAQ：AAPL），戴爾（NYSE：DVMT）和HP（NYSE：HPQ）等科技巨頭立即緩解了這一消息，所有這些巨頭都在很大程度上依賴於中國的製造業務。例如，蘋果公司的大部分iPhone由富士康等承包商在中國的工廠組裝。

However, President Donald Trump signaled over the weekend that this reprieve is short-lived. In a post on his social media platform on Thursday, Trump stated that they are considering a wide variety of options on Semiconductors and the WHOLE ELECTRONICS SUPPLY CHAIN for future National Security Tariff Investigations.

但是，唐納德·特朗普總統在周末發出信號，表示這是短暫的。在周四的社交媒體平台上的一篇文章中，特朗普表示，他們正在考慮半導體和整個電子供應鏈的各種選擇，以進行未來的國家安全關稅調查。

If the reports are true, the administration plans to introduce separate tariffs specifically targeting electronics and semiconductors, with an aim to roll them out in the next one to two months, according to Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick.

據商務部長霍華德·盧特尼克（Howard Lutnick）表示，如果報告是正確的，則政府計劃將專門針對電子產品和半導體的單獨關稅引入，目的是在接下來的一到兩個月中將其推出。

Lutnick also clarified in an interview on Sunday that the consumer electronics were previously covered by the reciprocal tariffs but are now included in the new semiconductor and electronics tariff package.

盧特尼克（Lutnick）在周日的一次採訪中還澄清說，消費電子設備以前已受到互惠關稅的涵蓋，但現在已包含在新的半導體和電子產品關稅套件中。

These new tariffs will be applied to high-tech goods deemed critical for national security, encompassing smartphones, computers, medical devices, advanced telecom gear, and pharmaceutical components.

這些新的關稅將適用於認為對國家安全至關重要的高科技商品，包括智能手機，計算機，醫療設備，高級電信設備和藥品組件。

Lutnick further highlighted the administration’s objective to diminish reliance on supply chains in China and incentivize increased production within the United States.

盧特尼克（Lutnick）進一步強調了政府的目標，以減少對中國供應鏈的依賴，並激勵美國內部的產量增加。

Those critical of the administration’s actions maintain that this move may lead to higher prices on consumer electronics and exacerbate the strain on already taxed supply chains.

那些批評政府的行動的人認為，這一舉動可能會導致消費電子產品的價格更高，並加劇已經徵稅的供應鏈的壓力。

But Trump officials counter that the broader, longer-term benefits of economic security and job creation will outweigh the immediate inconveniences.

但是特朗普官員反駁說，經濟安全和創造就業的更廣泛，更長期的利益將超過立即帶來的不便。

“We did it before in steel and we’re going to do it again in electronics,” Lutnick said.

盧特尼克說：“我們以前在鋼鐵上做到了這一點，我們將在電子產品中再次做到這一點。”

Economists and investors have warned that continuing to raise tariffs would damage the U.S. economy.

經濟學家和投資者警告說，繼續提高關稅將損害美國經濟。

Billionaire investor Bill Ackman, a political backer of Trump, said the administration’s policy was too aggressive and urged Trump to delay the China tariffs for 90 days and pursue a more limited 10% rate instead.

特朗普的政治支持者億萬富翁投資者比爾·阿克曼（Bill Ackman）表示，政府的政策過於侵略性，並敦促特朗普推遲中國的關稅90天，而改為有限的10％。

Ackman said this scaled-back approach would still motivate companies to reduce their reliance on China - without causing widespread market panic.

阿克曼（Ackman）表示，這種擴大後衛的方法仍然會激發公司減少對中國的依賴 - 而不會引起廣泛的市場恐慌。

Market analysts have also raised alarms over potential price increases for consumer electronics like iPhones and laptops. Sven Henrich of NorthmanTrader warned that the costs of new tariffs would ultimately fall on American consumers. He also slammed the administration’s erratic messaging, saying the shifting policies make it impossible for businesses to plan effectively.

市場分析師還向消費電子產品（如iPhone和筆記本電腦）的潛在價格上漲提高了警報。 Northmantrader的Sven Henrich警告說，新關稅的成本最終將落在美國消費者身上。他還抨擊了政府不穩定的消息傳遞，稱轉變政策使企業不可能有效計劃。

Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren slammed Trump’s tariff strategy, saying it isn’t “a coherent tariff policy — it is chaos.”

民主黨參議員伊麗莎白·沃倫（Elizabeth Warren）抨擊了特朗普的關稅策略，稱這不是“一項連貫的關稅政策，而是混亂”。

China increased its tariffs on U.S. goods to 125% on Sunday in a retaliatory move, its Ministry of Commerce said as it studied U.S. exclusions and threatened further action.

在報復性舉動中，中國將其對美國商品的關稅提高到了125％，其商務部在研究了美國排除方面並威脅到進一步的行動。

“The bell on a tiger’s neck can only be untied by the one who tied it,” China said in a statement.

中國在一份聲明中說：“老虎脖子上的鈴鐺只能被綁住的鈴鐺束縛。”

It was not immediately clear what the implication was.

目前尚不清楚這是什麼含義。

The world’s second-biggest economy also said it would continue to closely follow the development of the situation and take further necessary measures.

全球第二大經濟體還表示，它將繼續遵循局勢的發展，並採取進一步的必要措施。

Earlier this month, China said it would impose additional tariffs of 60-250% on a U.S. product list that included frozen pork, crab, and vegetables, in response to the latest round of U.S. tariffs on $75 billion in Chinese goods.

本月初，中國表示，將在包括冷凍豬肉，螃蟹和蔬菜在內的美國產品清單上徵收60-250％的額外關稅，以應對最新一輪的美國關稅，以750億美元的中國商品。

Those tariffs were due to take effect on Sept. 1 but were later postponed.

這些關稅將於9月1日生效，但後來被推遲。

The two economic giants have been locked in a protracted trade war since the spring of 2018, when the Trump administration began imposing tariffs on Chinese goods as part of an effort to reduce the U.S. trade deficit with China and open the Chinese market to U.S. goods, services, and investment.

自2018年春季以來，這兩個經濟巨頭一直陷入曠日持久的貿易戰爭中，當時特朗普政府開始對中國商品徵收關稅，這是減少中國貿易赤字的一部分，並向中國市場開放美國商品，服務和投資。

Despite 16 months of tumultuous negotiations, the two sides have yet to reach a comprehensive trade agreement.

儘管進行了16個月的動盪談判，但雙方尚未達成全面的貿易協定。

Last week, the administration announced

上週，政府宣布