量子計算會比預期的要早點威脅比特幣

Microsoft推出了其第一個量子計算芯片，稱為“ Majorana 1”。儘管技術界長期以來一直猜測Google的下一代量子努力

Quantum computing has emerged as a potential threat to Bitcoin's security, owing to the cryptocurrency's reliance on public-key cryptography. A recent analysis by a Bitcoin-focused financial platform suggests that a device with 1 million qubits could theoretically crack a BTC address.

由於加密貨幣對公共鍵密碼學的依賴，量子計算已成為對比特幣安全的潛在威脅。以比特幣為中心的金融平台進行的一項分析表明，具有100萬個Qubits的設備從理論上講可能會破裂BTC地址。

As Microsoft advances in quantum computing with the Majorana 1 chip and aims for a 1-million-qubit device by 2027–2029, concerns arise regarding the potential impact on Bitcoin. According to River, a financial platform centered on Bitcoin, 1 million qubits could pose a significant risk to the cryptocurrency.

隨著Microsoft使用Majoraana 1芯片的量子計算進步，到2027 - 2029年的目標是100萬QUIT的設備，對對比特幣的潛在影響產生了擔憂。根據以比特幣為中心的金融平台的說明，有100萬量他的加密貨幣可能構成重大風險。

In a post on X, River explains that while today's quantum computers have around 1,000 qubits, Microsoft's achievements shorten the overall timeline for reaching higher qubit capacities. This, in turn, accelerates the need for Bitcoin developers to make the protocol quantum-resistant.

在X上的一篇文章中，River解釋說，儘管當今的量子計算機約有1,000噸，但微軟的成就縮短了達到較高量子能力的總體時間表。反過來，這加速了比特幣開發人員使協議量子抗性的需求。

“When run for several days to weeks, a 1-million qubit QC could potentially crack Bitcoin addresses via a long-range attack. More realistically, we’d need a QC with 13-300 million qubits to carry out a long-range attack in 1-8 hours. If achieved, this would put 5.9 million BTC at immediate risk,” River writes.

“當運行幾天到幾週時，100萬貴族QC可能會通過長期攻擊來破解比特幣地址。更現實的是，我們需要一個具有13-3億噸的QC在1-8小時內進行遠距離攻擊。如果實現的話，這將使590萬BTC處於直接風險。”河寫道。

Due to Bitcoin's unique setup, which provides direct access to funds once a public key is obtained, the cryptocurrency is more vulnerable to quantum threats compared to banks and other centralized entities that have multiple layers of protection.

由於比特幣的唯一設置（一旦獲得了公共密鑰，它就可以直接訪問資金，因此與銀行和其他具有多層保護層的集中式實體相比，加密貨幣更容易受到量子威脅的影響。

“Access to a public key equals access to the money. Traditional banking systems have many layers of protection. Even if quantum hardware were to render https encryption obsolete, a hacker would still need to get past firewalls, authentication protocols, and in-person security checks to breach a bank,” Leishman said.

“訪問公鑰等於對錢的訪問。傳統的銀行系統具有許多保護層。即使量子硬件要使HTTPS加密過時，黑客仍然需要越過防火牆，身份驗證協議和麵對面的安全檢查以違反銀行。” Leishman說。

Highlighting the urgency of the matter, prominent Bitcoin commentator Preston Pysh joined the discussion, asking if the community should “prioritize engineering quantum-resistant addresses” and suggesting BIP-360 (the proposed P2QRH framework).

突出了此事的緊迫性，著名的比特幣評論員普雷斯頓·皮伊斯（Preston Pysh）加入了討論，詢問社區是否應“優先考慮工程量子量的抗量子量的地址”，並建議BIP-360（擬議的P2QRH框架）。

According to Pysh, the community could potentially implement this through a soft fork, a method that usually allows for backward compatibility while adding new features to the Bitcoin protocol.

根據Pysh的說法，社區可以通過軟叉來實現這一目標，這種方法通常可以在向比特幣協議中添加新功能的同時向後兼容。

“Would the community be better served by prioritizing engineering quantum-resistant addresses? Something like BIP-360 could be soft-forked in as soon as 6 months. Thoughts?” he said in a post on X.

“通過優先考慮抗量子量子的地址，可以更好地為社區服務嗎？像BIP-360這樣的東西可能會在6個月內柔軟架。想法？”他在X上的帖子中說。

Leishman agreed that securing Bitcoin against quantum attacks is crucial and suggested discussing the issue further within the Bitcoin Core developer community.

利甚曼（Leishman）同意，確保比特幣免受量子攻擊至關重要，並建議在比特幣核心開發人員社區中進一步討論該問題。

“We should be discussing this at length with Core developers. Securing Bitcoin against quantum attacks should be a priority, but we shouldn't rush anything. We need to be building consensus slowly and carefully,” he said.

“我們應該與核心開發人員詳細討論這一點。確保比特幣免受量子攻擊應該是一個優先事項，但我們不應該急於急需。我們需要緩慢而謹慎地建立共識，”他說。