量子计算会比预期的要早点威胁比特币

Microsoft推出了其第一个量子计算芯片，称为“ Majorana 1”。尽管技术界长期以来一直猜测Google的下一代量子努力

Quantum computing has emerged as a potential threat to Bitcoin's security, owing to the cryptocurrency's reliance on public-key cryptography. A recent analysis by a Bitcoin-focused financial platform suggests that a device with 1 million qubits could theoretically crack a BTC address.

由于加密货币对公共键密码学的依赖，量子计算已成为对比特币安全的潜在威胁。以比特币为中心的金融平台进行的一项分析表明，具有100万个Qubits的设备从理论上讲可能会破裂BTC地址。

As Microsoft advances in quantum computing with the Majorana 1 chip and aims for a 1-million-qubit device by 2027–2029, concerns arise regarding the potential impact on Bitcoin. According to River, a financial platform centered on Bitcoin, 1 million qubits could pose a significant risk to the cryptocurrency.

随着Microsoft使用Majoraana 1芯片的量子计算进步，到2027 - 2029年到达100万QUITION设备时，人们对对比特币的潜在影响产生了担忧。根据以比特币为中心的金融平台的说明，有100万量他的加密货币可能构成重大风险。

In a post on X, River explains that while today's quantum computers have around 1,000 qubits, Microsoft's achievements shorten the overall timeline for reaching higher qubit capacities. This, in turn, accelerates the need for Bitcoin developers to make the protocol quantum-resistant.

在X上的一篇文章中，River解释说，尽管当今的量子计算机约有1,000吨，但微软的成就缩短了达到较高量子能力的总体时间表。反过来，这加速了比特币开发人员使协议量子抗性的需求。

“When run for several days to weeks, a 1-million qubit QC could potentially crack Bitcoin addresses via a long-range attack. More realistically, we’d need a QC with 13-300 million qubits to carry out a long-range attack in 1-8 hours. If achieved, this would put 5.9 million BTC at immediate risk,” River writes.

“当运行几天到几周时，100万贵族QC可能会通过长期攻击来破解比特币地址。更现实的是，我们需要一个具有13-3亿吨的QC在1-8小时内进行远距离攻击。如果实现的话，这将使590万BTC处于直接风险。”河写道。

Due to Bitcoin's unique setup, which provides direct access to funds once a public key is obtained, the cryptocurrency is more vulnerable to quantum threats compared to banks and other centralized entities that have multiple layers of protection.

由于比特币的唯一设置（一旦获得了公共密钥，它就可以直接访问资金，因此与银行和其他具有多层保护层的集中式实体相比，加密货币更容易受到量子威胁的影响。

“Access to a public key equals access to the money. Traditional banking systems have many layers of protection. Even if quantum hardware were to render https encryption obsolete, a hacker would still need to get past firewalls, authentication protocols, and in-person security checks to breach a bank,” Leishman said.

“访问公钥等于对钱的访问。传统的银行系统具有许多保护层。即使量子硬件要使HTTPS加密过时，黑客仍然需要越过防火墙，身份验证协议和面对面的安全检查以违反银行。” Leishman说。

Highlighting the urgency of the matter, prominent Bitcoin commentator Preston Pysh joined the discussion, asking if the community should “prioritize engineering quantum-resistant addresses” and suggesting BIP-360 (the proposed P2QRH framework).

突出了此事的紧迫性，著名的比特币评论员普雷斯顿·皮伊斯（Preston Pysh）加入了讨论，询问社区是否应“优先考虑工程量子量的抗量子量的地址”，并建议BIP-360（拟议的P2QRH框架）。

According to Pysh, the community could potentially implement this through a soft fork, a method that usually allows for backward compatibility while adding new features to the Bitcoin protocol.

根据Pysh的说法，社区可以通过软叉来实现这一目标，这种方法通常可以在向比特币协议中添加新功能的同时向后兼容。

“Would the community be better served by prioritizing engineering quantum-resistant addresses? Something like BIP-360 could be soft-forked in as soon as 6 months. Thoughts?” he said in a post on X.

“通过优先考虑抗量子量子的地址，可以更好地为社区服务吗？像BIP-360这样的东西可能会在6个月内柔软架。想法？”他在X上的帖子中说。

Leishman agreed that securing Bitcoin against quantum attacks is crucial and suggested discussing the issue further within the Bitcoin Core developer community.

利什曼（Leishman）同意，确保比特币免受量子攻击至关重要，并建议在比特币核心开发人员社区中进一步讨论该问题。

“We should be discussing this at length with Core developers. Securing Bitcoin against quantum attacks should be a priority, but we shouldn't rush anything. We need to be building consensus slowly and carefully,” he said.

“我们应该与核心开发人员详细讨论这一点。确保比特币免受量子攻击应该是一个优先事项，但我们不应该急于急需。我们需要缓慢而谨慎地建立共识，”他说。