保護隱私對於實現區塊鏈的業務潛力至關重要

自區塊鏈從其深奧的邊緣出現以來已有將近16年的時間

It’s been almost 16 years since blockchain technology began emerging from its esoteric fringes to enter global discourse, most recently seen in the continued backing from Wall Street incumbents.

自區塊鏈技術從其深奧的邊緣開始進入全球話語以來，已經過去了將近16年，最近在華爾街現任者的繼續支持中出現。

Despite this remarkable ascendancy, the unfortunate truth is that the technology still hasn’t yet realized its true potential for businesses. A core challenge remains: Too much sensitive data is still left unshielded in the public domain.

儘管這一顯著升級，但不幸的事實是，該技術尚未意識到其對企業的真正潛力。核心挑戰仍然存在：公共領域中仍然沒有屏蔽的敏感數據。

The essence of the issue is that companies must keep their business data confidential, and people endeavor to protect their personal information to the best of their ability. However, once data is placed on a public blockchain, it becomes forever and irrefusibly visible.

該問題的本質是，公司必須將其業務數據保密，人們努力以盡最大能力保護其個人信息。但是，一旦將數據放置在公共區塊鏈上，它就會變得永遠且無可辯駁。

Even if a business takes every possible precaution to obfuscate data, errors made by others or vulnerabilities in the system can still expose sensitive onchain data or metadata, including the identities of participants. This can then lead to privacy breaches, non-compliance or both, ultimately defeating the core assumption that blockchain is trusted and highlighting the importance of strong measures to protect sensitive data.

即使企業採取一切可能的預防措施來混淆數據，其他人或系統中漏洞的錯誤仍然可以揭示敏感的鏈數據或元數據，包括參與者的身份。然後，這可能會導致違反隱私的漏洞，或兩者兼而有之，最終擊敗了一個核心假設，即區塊鍊是值得信賴的，並強調了強大措施保護敏感數據的重要性。

On the other side of that coin, concealing activity on a blockchain can open the door to money laundering, which will trigger swift and negative government responses. Instances in which this has occurred have led to a false impression that governments oppose Web3 privacy, a criterion businesses fundamentally need for them to adopt the technology.

在那枚硬幣的另一側，隱藏在區塊鏈上的活動可以打開洗錢的大門，這將引發迅速而負面的政府回應。發生這種情況的實例導致了一個錯誤的印象，即政府反對Web3隱私，這是一個從根本上需要他們採用該技術的標準。

From whichever angle we look at it, maintaining privacy onchain is a real and pressing issue for Web3. Until we solve it, businesses will not, and should not be expected to, cross the chasm.

從我們看的任何角度來看，維護隱私Onchain是Web3的真實且緊迫的問題。在我們解決它之前，企業不會也不應該期望跨越鴻溝。

The belief that governments oppose privacy on the blockchain is wrong

相信政府反對區塊鏈隱私是錯誤的信念

Web3 entrepreneurs have come to fear that building decentralized applications and businesses that provide financial anonymity could land them in regulatory trouble. Just consider Samourai Wallet, whose co-founders were charged with money laundering, or Tornado Cash, whose developer was sentenced to 64 months in prison for similar reasons.

Web3企業家開始擔心，建立提供財務匿名的分散應用程序和企業可能會使他們陷入監管問題。只需考慮一下薩穆萊錢包，他的聯合創始人被指控犯有洗錢或龍捲風現金，其開發商因類似原因被判處64個月的監禁。

This fear has been furthered by the light sentences handed down to those involved in major DeFi scams, such as those who defrauded investors in the "PlusToken" scheme, which saw four individuals receive sentences ranging from four to six years for defrauding investors out of an estimated $3.2 billion. In comparison, the sentences for those involved in the FTX fraud, which are still ongoing, are highly anticipated due to the massive scale of the scam.

通過涉及大型違規騙局的人的輕度判決使這種擔心得到了進一步的恐懼，例如那些欺騙投資者在“ plustoken”計劃中的人，該計劃中有四個人被判處四到六年的判決，違反了估計的32億美元。相比之下，由於騙局的規模龐大，涉及FTX欺詐行為的人的句子仍在進行中。

These responses have led to a consensus that governments are opposed to privacy when it comes to blockchain. However, this couldn’t be further from the truth.

這些回應導致人們達成共識，即政府在區塊鏈方面反對隱私。但是，這與事實相距甚遠。

Governments do not oppose privacy but mandate it across industries. Data protection laws, like the General Data Protection Regulation or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, are in place to ensure businesses protect our customer data from misuse and security threats.

政府不反對隱私，而是跨行業授權該隱私。數據保護法，例如《通用數據保護法規》或《健康保險可移植性和問責制法》，以確保企業保護我們的客戶數據免受濫用和安全威脅。

The real issue that these high-profile cases highlight is that Web3 measures to protect data have created opportunities for misuse, enabling the facilitation of criminal activities. This has understandably raised serious concerns on behalf of governments.

這些備受矚目的案件的真正問題是，保護數據的Web3措施為濫用數據創造了機會，從而促進了犯罪活動。可以理解，這已經代表政府引起了嚴重的關注。

These capabilities should not undermine the cross-jurisdictional laws that governments enjoin to protect the global community from terrorism, human trafficking, fraud and other criminal offenses.

這些能力不應破壞政府要求保護全球社區免受恐怖主義，人口販運，欺詐和其他刑事罪行的跨界法律。

This begs the question: What does privacy, done right, look like?

這就引出了一個問題：隱私，做對，看起來是什麼？

Selective disclosure

選擇性披露

When it comes to using blockchain, the methods used to protect sensitive data typically include keeping the data offchain or encrypting data onchain. The latter is not a durable form of privacy given the rapid advances of quantum computing in breaking encryption.

在使用區塊鏈時，用於保護敏感數據的方法通常包括保持數據離鍊或加密數據鏈。考慮到破壞加密的量子計算的快速進步，後者不是耐用的隱私形式。

However, the advent of zero-knowledge (ZK) technology, a complex cryptographic technique, allows users to ensure sensitive data remains offchain by sharing attestations about the validity of the data instead. In Web3, ZK has emerged as a transformative way to enhance privacy as it enables untrusted parties to validate that a transaction has occurred without sharing any information about the transaction.

但是，複雜的加密技術零知識（ZK）技術的出現使用戶可以通過共享對數據的有效性的證明來確保敏感數據保持偏僻。在Web3中，ZK已成為增強隱私性的一種變革性方法，因為它使不信任的當事方能夠驗證事務發生，而無需共享有關交易的任何信息。

Decentralized applications can exercise selective disclosure by choosing between putting data onchain (full disclosure), putting it onchain with encryption (disclosure via viewing keys) or using ZK to only publish attestation about the data (offering utility without any disclosure).

分散申請可以通過在將數據放在鏈上（全部披露），將其加密（通過查看密鑰披露）進行選擇，或者使用ZK僅發布有關數據的證明（提供實用程序而無需任何披露）來進行選擇性披露。

But, selective data disclosure solves only half of the puzzle. It was not designed and cannot account for metadata.

但是，選擇性數據披露僅解決了難題的一半。它不是設計的，也不能解釋元數據。

The next privacy frontier

下一個隱私邊界

Metadata, the information surrounding our data, is a largely unaddressed component of blockchain’s exposure of sensitive information; it can be used to make inferences, creating an added layer of vulnerability even when the data itself is concealed.

元數據是圍繞我們數據的信息，是區塊鏈暴露敏感信息的很大程度上未解決的組成部分。它可以用於進行推斷，即使隱藏了數據本身，也可以創建一個附加的漏洞層。

For example, through transaction metadata, investment and trading strategies can be inferred in addition to other behavioral patterns. For businesses, the implications of this can be detrimental to their growth and ability to stay ahead of competitors. They cannot afford to have trade secrets and strategies, or even the identities of other parties they are transacting with, exposed.

例如，通過交易元數據，除了其他行為模式外，還可以推斷出投資和交易策略。對於企業而言，這種影響可能不利於其成長和領先於競爭對手的能力。他們負擔不起商業秘密和策略，甚至是與他們正在交易的其他當事方的身份。

The pressing need to protect metadata and remove the ability to make inferences is paramount to security and can be addressed using a private token. However, such capability can be easily misused for money laundering.

保護元數據並刪除進行推斷的能力的緊迫需求對於安全性至關重要，可以使用私人令牌來解決。但是，這種能力很容易被濫用用於洗錢。

If using a

如果使用