保护隐私对于实现区块链的业务潜力至关重要

自区块链从其深奥的边缘出现以来已有将近16年的时间

It’s been almost 16 years since blockchain technology began emerging from its esoteric fringes to enter global discourse, most recently seen in the continued backing from Wall Street incumbents.

自区块链技术从其深奥的边缘开始进入全球话语以来，已经过去了将近16年，最近在华尔街现任者的继续支持中出现。

Despite this remarkable ascendancy, the unfortunate truth is that the technology still hasn’t yet realized its true potential for businesses. A core challenge remains: Too much sensitive data is still left unshielded in the public domain.

尽管这一显着升级，但不幸的事实是，该技术尚未意识到其对企业的真正潜力。核心挑战仍然存在：公共领域中仍然没有屏蔽的敏感数据。

The essence of the issue is that companies must keep their business data confidential, and people endeavor to protect their personal information to the best of their ability. However, once data is placed on a public blockchain, it becomes forever and irrefusibly visible.

该问题的本质是，公司必须将其业务数据保密，人们努力以尽最大能力保护其个人信息。但是，一旦将数据放置在公共区块链上，它就会变得永远且无可辩驳。

Even if a business takes every possible precaution to obfuscate data, errors made by others or vulnerabilities in the system can still expose sensitive onchain data or metadata, including the identities of participants. This can then lead to privacy breaches, non-compliance or both, ultimately defeating the core assumption that blockchain is trusted and highlighting the importance of strong measures to protect sensitive data.

即使企业采取一切可能的预防措施来混淆数据，其他人或系统中漏洞的错误仍然可以揭示敏感的链数据或元数据，包括参与者的身份。然后，这可能会导致违反隐私的漏洞，或两者兼而有之，最终击败了一个核心假设，即区块链是值得信赖的，并强调了强大措施保护敏感数据的重要性。

On the other side of that coin, concealing activity on a blockchain can open the door to money laundering, which will trigger swift and negative government responses. Instances in which this has occurred have led to a false impression that governments oppose Web3 privacy, a criterion businesses fundamentally need for them to adopt the technology.

在那枚硬币的另一侧，隐藏在区块链上的活动可以打开洗钱的大门，这将引发迅速而负面的政府回应。发生这种情况的实例导致了一个错误的印象，即政府反对Web3隐私，这是一个从根本上需要他们采用该技术的标准。

From whichever angle we look at it, maintaining privacy onchain is a real and pressing issue for Web3. Until we solve it, businesses will not, and should not be expected to, cross the chasm.

从我们看的任何角度来看，维护隐私Onchain是Web3的真实且紧迫的问题。在我们解决它之前，企业不会也不应该期望跨越鸿沟。

The belief that governments oppose privacy on the blockchain is wrong

相信政府反对区块链隐私是错误的信念

Web3 entrepreneurs have come to fear that building decentralized applications and businesses that provide financial anonymity could land them in regulatory trouble. Just consider Samourai Wallet, whose co-founders were charged with money laundering, or Tornado Cash, whose developer was sentenced to 64 months in prison for similar reasons.

Web3企业家开始担心，建立提供财务匿名的分散应用程序和企业可能会使他们陷入监管问题。只需考虑一下萨穆莱钱包，他的联合创始人被指控犯有洗钱或龙卷风现金，其开发商因类似原因被判处64个月的监禁。

This fear has been furthered by the light sentences handed down to those involved in major DeFi scams, such as those who defrauded investors in the "PlusToken" scheme, which saw four individuals receive sentences ranging from four to six years for defrauding investors out of an estimated $3.2 billion. In comparison, the sentences for those involved in the FTX fraud, which are still ongoing, are highly anticipated due to the massive scale of the scam.

通过涉及大型违规骗局的人的轻度判决使这种担心得到了进一步的恐惧，例如那些欺骗投资者在“ plustoken”计划中的人，该计划中有四个人被判处四到六年的判决，违反了估计的32亿美元。相比之下，由于骗局的规模庞大，涉及FTX欺诈行为的人的句子仍在进行中。

These responses have led to a consensus that governments are opposed to privacy when it comes to blockchain. However, this couldn’t be further from the truth.

这些回应导致人们达成共识，即政府在区块链方面反对隐私。但是，这与事实相距甚远。

Governments do not oppose privacy but mandate it across industries. Data protection laws, like the General Data Protection Regulation or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, are in place to ensure businesses protect our customer data from misuse and security threats.

政府不反对隐私，而是跨行业授权该隐私。数据保护法，例如《通用数据保护法规》或《健康保险可移植性和问责制法》，以确保企业保护我们的客户数据免受滥用和安全威胁。

The real issue that these high-profile cases highlight is that Web3 measures to protect data have created opportunities for misuse, enabling the facilitation of criminal activities. This has understandably raised serious concerns on behalf of governments.

这些备受瞩目的案件的真正问题是，保护数据的Web3措施为滥用数据创造了机会，从而促进了犯罪活动。可以理解，这已经代表政府引起了严重的关注。

These capabilities should not undermine the cross-jurisdictional laws that governments enjoin to protect the global community from terrorism, human trafficking, fraud and other criminal offenses.

这些能力不应破坏政府要求保护全球社区免受恐怖主义，人口贩运，欺诈和其他刑事罪行的跨界法律。

This begs the question: What does privacy, done right, look like?

这就引出了一个问题：隐私，做对，看起来是什么？

Selective disclosure

选择性披露

When it comes to using blockchain, the methods used to protect sensitive data typically include keeping the data offchain or encrypting data onchain. The latter is not a durable form of privacy given the rapid advances of quantum computing in breaking encryption.

在使用区块链时，用于保护敏感数据的方法通常包括保持数据离链或加密数据链。考虑到破坏加密的量子计算的快速进步，后者不是耐用的隐私形式。

However, the advent of zero-knowledge (ZK) technology, a complex cryptographic technique, allows users to ensure sensitive data remains offchain by sharing attestations about the validity of the data instead. In Web3, ZK has emerged as a transformative way to enhance privacy as it enables untrusted parties to validate that a transaction has occurred without sharing any information about the transaction.

但是，复杂的加密技术零知识（ZK）技术的出现使用户可以通过共享对数据的有效性的证明来确保敏感数据保持偏僻。在Web3中，ZK已成为增强隐私性的一种变革性方法，因为它使不信任的当事方能够验证事务发生，而无需共享有关交易的任何信息。

Decentralized applications can exercise selective disclosure by choosing between putting data onchain (full disclosure), putting it onchain with encryption (disclosure via viewing keys) or using ZK to only publish attestation about the data (offering utility without any disclosure).

分散申请可以通过在将数据放在链上（全部披露），将其加密（通过查看密钥披露）进行选择，或者使用ZK仅发布有关数据的证明（提供实用程序而无需任何披露）来进行选择性披露。

But, selective data disclosure solves only half of the puzzle. It was not designed and cannot account for metadata.

但是，选择性数据披露仅解决了难题的一半。它不是设计的，也不能解释元数据。

The next privacy frontier

下一个隐私边界

Metadata, the information surrounding our data, is a largely unaddressed component of blockchain’s exposure of sensitive information; it can be used to make inferences, creating an added layer of vulnerability even when the data itself is concealed.

元数据是围绕我们数据的信息，是区块链暴露敏感信息的很大程度上未解决的组成部分。它可以用于进行推断，即使隐藏了数据本身，也可以创建一个附加的漏洞层。

For example, through transaction metadata, investment and trading strategies can be inferred in addition to other behavioral patterns. For businesses, the implications of this can be detrimental to their growth and ability to stay ahead of competitors. They cannot afford to have trade secrets and strategies, or even the identities of other parties they are transacting with, exposed.

例如，通过交易元数据，除了其他行为模式外，还可以推断出投资和交易策略。对于企业而言，这种影响可能不利于其成长和领先于竞争对手的能力。他们负担不起商业秘密和策略，甚至是与他们正在交易的其他当事方的身份。

The pressing need to protect metadata and remove the ability to make inferences is paramount to security and can be addressed using a private token. However, such capability can be easily misused for money laundering.

保护元数据并删除进行推断的能力的紧迫需求对于安全性至关重要，可以使用私人令牌来解决。但是，这种能力很容易被滥用用于洗钱。

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如果使用