美國總統唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）已將財政部和商業部門90天提出了建立主權財富基金（SWF）的計劃。

特朗普對記者說：“我們將為該基金創造很多財富。” “而且我認為該國擁有主權財富基金的時候了。”

US President Donald Trump has given the Departments of the Treasury and Commerce 90 days to come up with a plan to establish a sovereign wealth fund (SWF).

美國總統唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）已將財政部和商業部門90天提出了建立主權財富基金（SWF）的計劃。

“We’re going to create a lot of wealth for the fund,” Trump told reporters. “And I think it’s about time that this country had a sovereign wealth fund.”

特朗普對記者說：“我們將為該基金創造很多財富。” “而且我認為該國擁有主權財富基金的時候了。”

He also suggested that the fund could be used to buy TikTok.

他還建議該基金可用於購買Tiktok。

“We’re going to be doing something perhaps with TikTok and perhaps not,” Trump said. “If we make the right deal, we’ll do it. Otherwise, we won’t … We might put that in the sovereign wealth fund.”

特朗普說：“我們將與Tiktok一起做一些事情，也許不是。” “如果我們達成正確的交易，我們會做到的。否則，我們不會……我們可能會將其放在主權財富基金中。”

Here’s a look at what we know about Trump’s SWF plan.

這是我們對特朗普SWF計劃的了解。

What is a sovereign wealth fund?

什麼是主權財富基金？

Governments own and use sovereign wealth funds to invest in global assets for long-term growth.

政府擁有並使用主權財富基金來投資全球資產以促進長期增長。

The official definition created by the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IFSWF) describes an SWF as being made up of three elements:

國際主權財富基金（IFSWF）創建的官方定義將SWF描述為由三個要素組成：

According to the IFSWF, the key elements of SWFs do not include public pension funds, which are ultimately owned by the people who are entitled to receive benefits from them, or foreign currency reserves held by a country’s central bank, which are primarily used for monetary stability rather than investment.

根據IFSWF的說法，SWF的關鍵要素不包括公共養老基金，這些資金最終由有權從他們那裡獲得福利的人們或一個國家的中央銀行持有的外幣儲備，主要用於金錢穩定而不是投資。

An SWF can act as an investment account for the long-term benefit of the nation; a stabilisation tool, providing funds which can be drawn from when the budget requires it; a development tool to support economic policy; or a combination of all three.

SWF可以充當國家長期利益的投資帳戶；一個穩定工具，提供可以從預算需要的資金中獲取的資金；支持經濟政策的發展工具；或三個組合。

Ultimately, they are designed to be a nest egg, allowing current surplus funds to be invested to benefit future generations. Countries which are rich in commodities have traditionally used them to invest profits from sales of oil, natural gas, metals and minerals for the future. According to the IFSWF, some 60 percent of funds come from natural resources revenues.

最終，它們被設計為巢蛋，使當前的盈餘資金可以受益於子孫後代。傳統上，富裕的商品的國家用來為未來的石油，天然氣，金屬和礦物質的銷售來投資利潤。根據IFSWF的數據，約60％的資金來自自然資源收入。

Unlike pension funds, from which people withdraw money as income to support themselves in retirement, SWFs are supposed to invest for the collective good of a nation.

與養老基金不同，人們從中撤出資金作為退休的收入來支持自己，SWF應該投資為一個國家的集體利益。

That could mean funding the construction of an airport, school or infrastructure project. SWFs also often invest in financial products and buy stakes in companies, which can provide long-term economic security and fund government budgets or social programmes.

這可能意味著資助機場，學校或基礎設施項目的建設。 SWF還經常投資於金融產品併購買公司的股份，這些公司可以提供長期的經濟安全並為政府預算或社會計劃提供資金。

Where will the money come from to set up a US fund?

資金將來自哪裡建立美國基金？

Trump has been vague about the size of any US sovereign wealth fund or how it would be funded.

特朗普對任何美國主權財富基金的規模或如何資助都含糊不清。

The president’s executive order directs the Commerce and Treasury Departments to include in the plan recommendations for funding mechanisms, investment strategies, fund structure and a governance model.

總統的行政命令指示商業和財政部將資金機制，投資策略，基金結構和治理模式的計劃建議包括在內。

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent told reporters the fund would be established within the next 12 months but also did not specify where the money would come from.

財政部長斯科特·貝斯特（Scott Bessent）告訴記者，該基金將在未來12個月內建立，但也沒有指定這筆錢的來源。

“We’re going to monetise the asset side of the US balance sheet for the American people,” Bessent said. “There’ll be a combination of liquid assets, assets that we have in this country as we work to bring them out for the American people.”

Bessent說：“我們將為美國人民提供美國資產負債表的資產資產一方。” “在我們為美國人民帶來的時，我們在這個國家將擁有各種流動資產和資產的組合。”

Stan Veuger, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, said that the assets Bessent was referring to could include property and even the government’s Bitcoin holdings.

美國企業學院的高級研究員斯坦·韋格（Stan Veuger）表示，貝斯特（Bessent）所指的資產可能包括財產，甚至包括政府的比特幣持有量。

The US has seized at least 215,000 Bitcoins implicated in criminal activity, valued at almost $21bn at current prices, since 2020, according to analysis by crypto firm 21.co. Trump suggested last year that he might have plans for a crypto reserve similar to oil reserves.

根據Crypto企業21.co的分析，美國已經抓住了至少有215,000個涉及犯罪活動的比特幣，其價值將近21億美元，自2020年以來。特朗普去年建議他可能有類似於石油儲量的加密保護區計劃。

Bitcoin holdings “could be the basis of sovereign wealth fund, though, of course, their value is relatively modest”, Veuger told Al Jazeera.

韋格告訴半島電視台，比特幣持有“當然，可能是主權財富基金的基礎”。

Which other countries have set up SWFs?

其他哪些國家還建立了SWF？

According to the IFSWF, more than 90 such funds manage more than $8 trillion in assets worldwide.

根據IFSWF的說法，全世界有90多個此類資金管理超過8萬億美元的資產。

The largest fund is Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global, which has $1.74 trillion in assets, followed by the China Investment Corporation, with $1.33 trillion in assets, according to the Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute, a data provider.

最大的基金是挪威的政府養老基金Global，其資產為1.74萬億美元，其次是中國投資公司，資產為1.33萬億美元。

Abu Dhabi, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Singapore are among other countries with prominent sovereign wealth funds, with assets of between $801bn and $1.06 trillion, the institute said.

該研究所說，阿布扎比，科威特，沙特阿拉伯和新加坡是擁有突出的主權財富基金的其他國家，資產在8001億至10.6萬億美元之間。

Is setting up a SWF a good idea for the US?

為美國設置SWF是一個好主意嗎？

Trump is not the first to consider setting up an SWF for the United States.

特朗普不是第一個考慮為美國建立SWF的人。

Former President Joe Biden’s administration was also considering establishing such a fund before Trump’s election in November, according to The New York Times and Financial Times.

據《紐約時報》和《金融時報》報導，前總統喬·拜登（Joe Biden）的政府還正在考慮在特朗普當選之前建立這樣的基金。

And Trump has lauded the idea of setting up the fund, saying it could fund “great national endeavours” such as infrastructure projects including highways and airports, manufacturing and medical research.

特朗普讚揚了建立該基金的想法，稱其可以資助“偉大的國家努力”，例如基礎設施項目，包括高速公路和機場，製造業和醫療研究。

Some investors on Wall Street said the news was a surprise and questioned whether it was a good idea, however.

華爾街的一些投資者說，這一消息令人驚訝，並質疑這是否是個好主意。

Typically, a SW

通常是SW