採訪薩爾瓦多最高加密貨幣監管機構：“發展中國家可以引領金融革命”

國家數位資產委員會是薩爾瓦多負責監管加密貨幣的機構，薩爾瓦多是第一個接受比特幣作為法定貨幣的國家。

El Salvador, the first nation to adopt bitcoin (BTC) as legal tender, has a head-start on most other countries when it comes to regulating crypto. It was the first nation to adopt bitcoin (BTC) as legal tender, in 2021, and has since become home to a wide range of crypto companies.

薩爾瓦多是第一個採用比特幣（BTC）作為法定貨幣的國家，在加密貨幣監管方面領先大多數其他國家。它於 2021 年成為第一個採用比特幣 (BTC) 作為法定貨幣的國家，此後成為許多加密貨幣公司的所在地。

“Looking at the big picture, most people won't understand what we're doing in El Salvador, they only see glimpses,” Juan Carlos Reyes, president of the National Commission of Digital Assets in El Salvador (CNAD) — which was created in February 2023 to regulate the crypto sector in the Latin American nation of 6.3 million souls — told CoinDesk in an interview.

薩爾瓦多國家數位資產委員會(CNAD) 主席胡安·卡洛斯·雷耶斯(Juan Carlos Reyes) 表示：「從大局來看，大多數人不會理解我們在薩爾瓦多所做的事情，他們只能看到一瞥。

“Even the foreign companies that are regulated here but don’t have a full office on-the-ground, they don't understand how advanced we already are, and how quickly things are advancing in this industry.”

“即使是在這裡受到監管但沒有完整辦公室的外國公司，他們也不了解我們已經有多先進，以及這個行業的發展速度有多快。”

President Nayib Bukele’s initiative forced the nation’s agencies to grapple with the technology and the implications of working with a digital currency, Reyes said.

雷耶斯表示，納伊布·布克萊總統的倡議迫使該國各機構應對該技術以及使用數位貨幣的影響。

Consequently, El Salvador avoided giving crypto supervisory and regulatory authority to its traditional financial regulators — like, for example, the Superintendence of the Financial System (SFS) — and instead created the CNAD from scratch. The objective was to create a tailor-made regulatory framework to crypto instead of trying to bend existing rules to digital assets.

因此，薩爾瓦多避免將加密貨幣監管權授予其傳統金融監管機構（例如金融系統監管局（SFS）），而是從頭開始創建 CNAD。其目標是為加密貨幣創建一個量身定制的監管框架，而不是試圖改變數位資產的現有規則。

“There’s an old saying in English: ‘If it sounds like a duck, it looks like a duck, and it quacks like a duck, it's probably a duck,’” Reyes said. “Well, in this case, it's not a duck. Digital assets are not like traditional financial instruments at all.”

「英文中有一句老話：『如果它聽起來像鴨子，它看起來像鴨子，而且它嘎嘎叫起來像鴨子，那麼它可能就是鴨子，』」雷耶斯說。 「好吧，在這種情況下，它不是鴨子。數位資產根本不像傳統的金融工具。

That’s why the CNAD took a technology-minded approach to regulating crypto as soon as Reyes — a computer science heavyweight — became the agency’s leader in September 2023. The results have been shocking, according to crypto companies that received El Salvador’s Digital Asset Service Provider (DASP) license.

這就是為什麼電腦科學重量級人物雷耶斯於2023 年9 月成為CNAD 的領導者後，CNAD 就採取了以技術為導向的方法來監管加密貨幣。稱，結果令人震驚（ DASP）許可證。

“We were completely caught off-guard by how knowledgeable, how detailed, how completely versed in not just regulations, but the technology [the CNAD was],” Nick Cowan, Group CEO of tokenization solutions firm VLRM, told CoinDesk in an interview. “Without trying to over-praise El Salvador, we were completely stunned by how quickly they were able to get to the heart of the matter to review our application.”

代幣化解決方案公司VLRM 集團執行長尼克·考恩(Nick Cowan) 在接受CoinDesk 採訪時表示：「CNAD 不僅對法規，而且對技術（CNAD）的知識淵博、詳細、精通，這讓我們完全措手不及。 “雖然不想過度讚揚薩爾瓦多，但我們對他們能夠如此迅速地抓住問題的核心來審查我們的申請感到完全震驚。”

Victor Solomon, partner at Salvador-based tokenization advisory firm Tokenization Expert, concurred.

薩爾瓦多代幣化顧問公司 Tokenization Expert 的合夥人 Victor Solomon 對此表示同意。

“We didn’t have to spend time explaining the technical foundations of our operations — [Reyes] already understood the intricacies of tokenization and the compliance measures we had in place,” Solomon told CoinDesk.

「我們不必花時間解釋我們營運的技術基礎——[Reyes] 已經了解了代幣化的複雜性以及我們所採取的合規措施，」所羅門告訴 CoinDesk。

“He understands the practical challenges [that] businesses face, from fundraising to navigating regulations, and this makes him not just a regulator but an advocate for businesses that aim to positively impact the Salvadoran economy,” Solomon added.

所羅門補充說：“他了解企業面臨的實際挑戰，從籌款到監管法規，這使他不僅是監管者，而且是旨在對薩爾瓦多經濟產生積極影響的企業的倡導者。”

The TechnologistBorn in El Salvador, Reyes moved to Canada as a child to escape the gang warfare that was, at the time, ravaging the country. A self-described “very high achievement person,” he has multiple bachelor’s degrees — computer science, math and physics — as well as a master’s degree in management from Harvard and a doctorate in philosophy from the People’s Friendship University of Russia. Not to mention the PhD in international economics that he’s now pursuing.

雷耶斯出生於薩爾瓦多，小時候為了躲避當時肆虐該國的幫派戰爭而移居加拿大。他自稱是“成就非常高的人”，擁有多個學士學位——計算機科學、數學和物理學——以及哈佛大學的管理學碩士學位和俄羅斯人民友誼大學的哲學博士學位。更不用說他現在正在攻讀的國際經濟學博士學位了。

His professional background is just as varied. His experience ranges from leading a consulting firm for 15 years to developing business opportunities for the Missanabie Cree First Nation to opening a bar on the second floor of his beach house. A Bitcoin believer since 2013, he decided to move back to El Salvador in 2021 to take part in the cryptocurrency nationalization process.

他的專業背景也同樣多元。他的經驗豐富，從領導一家諮詢公司 15 年，到為米薩納比克里原住民開發商機，再到在他的海濱別墅二樓開設酒吧。他自 2013 年起成為比特幣信徒，決定於 2021 年搬回薩爾瓦多，參與加密貨幣國有化進程。

The CNAD, which counts 35 employees, is fully independent, and modeled after Reyes’ image: everyone knows crypto (and the underlying technology) like the back of their hand. In fact, 20 members of the staff are currently enrolled in a post-graduate crypto program at the University of CEMA in Argentina to buff up their expertise.

CNAD 擁有 35 名員工，完全獨立，並以雷耶斯的形象為藍本：每個人都對加密貨幣（及其底層技術）瞭如指掌。事實上，目前有 20 名員工正在阿根廷 CEMA 大學參加研究生加密課程，以提高他們的專業知識。

“We have the most educated, most complete team when it comes to regulation of crypto assets in the world,” Reyes said. “If anyone doesn't know how to do a transaction on Bitcoin, including my driver, they probably cannot work here.”

雷耶斯表示：“在加密資產監管方面，我們擁有世界上受過最多教育、最完整的團隊。” “如果有人不知道如何進行比特幣交易，包括我的司機，他們可能無法在這裡工作。”

This crack team certainly leaves a strong impression on the companies that seek to obtain a license to operate in El Salvador.

這支精幹的團隊無疑給尋求在薩爾瓦多獲得經營許可證的公司留下了深刻的印象。

Reyes “is a technologist,” Cowan, whose company has worked with dozens of other regulators over the globe, told CoinDesk. “He absolutely gets the tech. In other jurisdictions, you have regulators who understand the regulations and investor protection, which, of course, is critical, but they don't necessarily understand the technology

考恩告訴 CoinDesk，雷耶斯「是技術專家」。 「他絕對掌握了技術。在其他司法管轄區，監管機構了解法規和投資者保護，這當然很重要，但他們不一定了解技術