采访萨尔瓦多最高加密货币监管机构：“发展中国家可以引领金融革命”

国家数字资产委员会是萨尔瓦多负责监管加密货币的机构，萨尔瓦多是第一个接受比特币作为法定货币的国家。

El Salvador, the first nation to adopt bitcoin (BTC) as legal tender, has a head-start on most other countries when it comes to regulating crypto. It was the first nation to adopt bitcoin (BTC) as legal tender, in 2021, and has since become home to a wide range of crypto companies.

萨尔瓦多是第一个采用比特币（BTC）作为法定货币的国家，在加密货币监管方面领先于大多数其他国家。它于 2021 年成为第一个采用比特币 (BTC) 作为法定货币的国家，此后成为众多加密货币公司的所在地。

“Looking at the big picture, most people won't understand what we're doing in El Salvador, they only see glimpses,” Juan Carlos Reyes, president of the National Commission of Digital Assets in El Salvador (CNAD) — which was created in February 2023 to regulate the crypto sector in the Latin American nation of 6.3 million souls — told CoinDesk in an interview.

萨尔瓦多国家数字资产委员会 (CNAD) 主席胡安·卡洛斯·雷耶斯 (Juan Carlos Reyes) 表示：“从大局来看，大多数人不会理解我们在萨尔瓦多所做的事情，他们只能看到一瞥。” 2023 年 2 月，监管这个拥有 630 万人口的拉丁美洲国家的加密货币行业——在接受 CoinDesk 采访时表示。

“Even the foreign companies that are regulated here but don’t have a full office on-the-ground, they don't understand how advanced we already are, and how quickly things are advancing in this industry.”

“即使是在这里受到监管但没有完整办公室的外国公司，他们也不了解我们已经有多先进，以及这个行业的发展速度有多快。”

President Nayib Bukele’s initiative forced the nation’s agencies to grapple with the technology and the implications of working with a digital currency, Reyes said.

雷耶斯表示，纳伊布·布克莱总统的倡议迫使该国各机构应对该技术以及使用数字货币的影响。

Consequently, El Salvador avoided giving crypto supervisory and regulatory authority to its traditional financial regulators — like, for example, the Superintendence of the Financial System (SFS) — and instead created the CNAD from scratch. The objective was to create a tailor-made regulatory framework to crypto instead of trying to bend existing rules to digital assets.

因此，萨尔瓦多避免将加密货币监管权授予其传统金融监管机构（例如金融系统监管局（SFS）），而是从头开始创建 CNAD。其目标是为加密货币创建一个量身定制的监管框架，而不是试图改变数字资产的现有规则。

“There’s an old saying in English: ‘If it sounds like a duck, it looks like a duck, and it quacks like a duck, it's probably a duck,’” Reyes said. “Well, in this case, it's not a duck. Digital assets are not like traditional financial instruments at all.”

“英语中有一句老话：‘如果它听起来像鸭子，它看起来像鸭子，而且它嘎嘎叫起来像鸭子，那么它可能就是鸭子，’”雷耶斯说。 “好吧，在这种情况下，它不是鸭子。数字资产根本不像传统的金融工具。”

That’s why the CNAD took a technology-minded approach to regulating crypto as soon as Reyes — a computer science heavyweight — became the agency’s leader in September 2023. The results have been shocking, according to crypto companies that received El Salvador’s Digital Asset Service Provider (DASP) license.

这就是为什么计算机科学重量级人物雷耶斯于 2023 年 9 月成为 CNAD 的领导者后，CNAD 就采取了以技术为导向的方法来监管加密货币。据接受萨尔瓦多数字资产服务提供商的加密货币公司称，结果令人震惊（ DASP）许可证。

“We were completely caught off-guard by how knowledgeable, how detailed, how completely versed in not just regulations, but the technology [the CNAD was],” Nick Cowan, Group CEO of tokenization solutions firm VLRM, told CoinDesk in an interview. “Without trying to over-praise El Salvador, we were completely stunned by how quickly they were able to get to the heart of the matter to review our application.”

代币化解决方案公司 VLRM 集团首席执行官尼克·考恩 (Nick Cowan) 在接受 CoinDesk 采访时表示：“CNAD 不仅对法规，而且对技术（CNAD）的知识渊博、详细、精通，这让我们完全措手不及。” “虽然不想过度赞扬萨尔瓦多，但我们对他们能够如此迅速地抓住问题的核心来审查我们的申请感到完全震惊。”

Victor Solomon, partner at Salvador-based tokenization advisory firm Tokenization Expert, concurred.

萨尔瓦多代币化咨询公司 Tokenization Expert 的合伙人 Victor Solomon 对此表示同意。

“We didn’t have to spend time explaining the technical foundations of our operations — [Reyes] already understood the intricacies of tokenization and the compliance measures we had in place,” Solomon told CoinDesk.

“我们不必花时间解释我们运营的技术基础——[Reyes] 已经了解了代币化的复杂性以及我们所采取的合规措施，”所罗门告诉 CoinDesk。

“He understands the practical challenges [that] businesses face, from fundraising to navigating regulations, and this makes him not just a regulator but an advocate for businesses that aim to positively impact the Salvadoran economy,” Solomon added.

所罗门补充道：“他了解企业面临的实际挑战，从筹款到监管法规，这使他不仅是监管者，而且是旨在对萨尔瓦多经济产生积极影响的企业的倡导者。”

The TechnologistBorn in El Salvador, Reyes moved to Canada as a child to escape the gang warfare that was, at the time, ravaging the country. A self-described “very high achievement person,” he has multiple bachelor’s degrees — computer science, math and physics — as well as a master’s degree in management from Harvard and a doctorate in philosophy from the People’s Friendship University of Russia. Not to mention the PhD in international economics that he’s now pursuing.

雷耶斯出生于萨尔瓦多，小时候为了躲避当时肆虐该国的帮派战争而移居加拿大。他自称是“成就非常高的人”，拥有多个学士学位——计算机科学、数学和物理学——以及哈佛大学的管理学硕士学位和俄罗斯人民友谊大学的哲学博士学位。更不用说他现在正在攻读的国际经济学博士学位了。

His professional background is just as varied. His experience ranges from leading a consulting firm for 15 years to developing business opportunities for the Missanabie Cree First Nation to opening a bar on the second floor of his beach house. A Bitcoin believer since 2013, he decided to move back to El Salvador in 2021 to take part in the cryptocurrency nationalization process.

他的专业背景也同样多种多样。他的经验丰富，从领导一家咨询公司 15 年，到为米萨纳比克里原住民开发商机，再到在他的海滨别墅二楼开设酒吧。他自 2013 年起成为比特币信徒，决定于 2021 年搬回萨尔瓦多，参与加密货币国有化进程。

The CNAD, which counts 35 employees, is fully independent, and modeled after Reyes’ image: everyone knows crypto (and the underlying technology) like the back of their hand. In fact, 20 members of the staff are currently enrolled in a post-graduate crypto program at the University of CEMA in Argentina to buff up their expertise.

CNAD 拥有 35 名员工，完全独立，并以雷耶斯的形象为蓝本：每个人都对加密货币（及其底层技术）了如指掌。事实上，目前有 20 名员工正在阿根廷 CEMA 大学参加研究生加密课程，以提高他们的专业知识。

“We have the most educated, most complete team when it comes to regulation of crypto assets in the world,” Reyes said. “If anyone doesn't know how to do a transaction on Bitcoin, including my driver, they probably cannot work here.”

雷耶斯表示：“在加密资产监管方面，我们拥有世界上受过最多教育、最完整的团队。” “如果有人不知道如何进行比特币交易，包括我的司机，他们可能无法在这里工作。”

This crack team certainly leaves a strong impression on the companies that seek to obtain a license to operate in El Salvador.

这支精干的团队无疑给寻求在萨尔瓦多获得经营许可证的公司留下了深刻的印象。

Reyes “is a technologist,” Cowan, whose company has worked with dozens of other regulators over the globe, told CoinDesk. “He absolutely gets the tech. In other jurisdictions, you have regulators who understand the regulations and investor protection, which, of course, is critical, but they don't necessarily understand the technology

考恩告诉 CoinDesk，雷耶斯“是一名技术专家”。考恩的公司曾与全球数十家其他监管机构合作。 “他绝对掌握了技术。在其他司法管辖区，监管机构了解法规和投资者保护，这当然很重要，但他们不一定了解技术