印度再次考慮全面禁止數位資產，韓國加強對 VASP 的監管

印度將禁止數位資產？儘管印度是比特幣採用的世界領導者之一，但印度在數位資產方面有著曲折的歷史。

India is reportedly considering a complete ban on digital assets once again, with authorities viewing them as high-risk and believing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a better alternative. Meanwhile, South Korea is ramping up oversight of VASPs that offer cross-border transfers to combat digital asset-linked foreign exchange crime.

據報道，印度正在考慮再次全面禁止數位資產，當局認為它們具有高風險，並認為央行數位貨幣（CBDC）是更好的選擇。同時，韓國正在加強對提供跨境轉帳的 VASP 的監管，以打擊與數位資產相關的外匯犯罪。

India to ban digital assets?

印度將禁止數位資產？

Despite being one of the world leaders in Bitcoin adoption, India has a checkered history with digital assets. In the past, it banned banks from handling digital asset transactions, imposed hefty taxes and indicated a complete ban on the cards.

儘管印度是比特幣採用的世界領導者之一，但印度在數位資產方面有著曲折的歷史。過去，它禁止銀行處理數位資產交易，徵收高額稅收，並表示全面禁止這些卡片。

Now, the country is again considering banning digital assets, according to a report by the Hindustan Times. The newspaper revealed that the government has been consulting multiple regulators and key institutions on digital assets, and most favor a blanket ban.

根據《印度斯坦時報》報道，現在，該國再次考慮禁止數位資產。該報透露，政府一直在就數位資產問題諮詢多個監管機構和主要機構，大多數機構都贊成全面禁止。

Citing sources familiar with the matter, the paper revealed that the consultations are being held in preparation for a discussion paper on digital assets.

該報引述知情人士的話透露，正在進行磋商是為了準備一份有關數位資產的討論文件。

Most of the institutions consulted posited that digital asset risks outweigh their benefits and that a ban would be the best approach. They also claimed that a digital rupee would offer the same benefits as Bitcoin but without the risks.

大多數接受諮詢的機構都認為，數位資產的風險大於其收益，禁令將是最好的方法。他們還聲稱，數位盧比將提供與比特幣相同的好處，但沒有風險。

“CBDCs can do whatever cryptos do. In fact, CBDCs have more benefits than cryptos, minus the risks associated with private cryptocurrencies,” said one official involved in the discussions on condition of anonymity.

「加密貨幣能做的任何事，CBDC 都能做。事實上，減去與私人加密貨幣相關的風險，CBDC 比加密貨幣有更多的好處，」一位不願透露姓名的參與討論的官員表示。

This view is misguided, says Sumit Gupta, the founder of one of India’s largest exchanges, CoinDCX. He noted, “CBDCs and crypto assets serve different purposes and shouldn’t be viewed as competitors. Instead, they complement each other.”

印度最大的交易所之一 CoinDCX 的創始人蘇米特·古普塔 (Sumit Gupta) 表示，這種觀點是錯誤的。他指出，「CBDC 和加密資產有不同的用途，不應被視為競爭對手。相反，它們是相輔相成的。

“By leveraging advancements in the crypto space, we can enhance the efficiency, security and inclusivity of CBDCs, making them more adaptable for real-world applications,” Gupta added.

Gupta 補充道：“通過利用加密領域的進步，我們可以提高 CBDC 的效率、安全性和包容性，使它們更適合現實世界的應用。”

Like many other G20 nations, India has tailored its approach to adhere to the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB). In a paper last year, the two organizations advocated for a balanced approach that regulates digital assets to protect investors rather than an outright ban.

與許多其他 G20 國家一樣，印度也根據國際貨幣基金組織 (IMF) 和金融穩定委員會 (FSB) 的建議調整了自己的做法。在去年的一篇論文中，這兩個組織主張採取平衡的方法來監管數位資產以保護投資者，而不是完全禁止。

However, according to the officials cited by the newspaper, this could soon change.

然而，據該報引述官員的話稱，這種情況可能很快就會改變。

“Whilst the IMF-FSB synthesis paper proposes to have a minimum threshold for regulation, it doesn’t stop any country from adopting higher restrictions, including a complete ban,” another official stated.

另一位官員表示：“雖然國際貨幣基金組織和金融穩定委員會的綜合文件提議設定最低監管門檻，但這並不能阻止任何國家採取更高的限制，包括全面禁止。”

The proposed ban is the latest in a long line of efforts by the Indian government to clamp down on digital assets. After its banking ban on digital asset transactions was overturned by the courts, the government has been exploring other methods to suppress the ever-growing momentum in the South Asian nation.

擬議的禁令是印度政府為打擊數位資產而採取的一系列努力中的最新一項。在法院推翻銀行對數位資產交易的禁令後，政府一直在探索其他方法來抑制這個南亞國家不斷增長的勢頭。

One of these has been over-taxation. India currently imposes a 30% tax on unrealized gains and a 1% tax deducted at source. The central bank has also regularly warned investors that they could lose money investing in digital assets.

其中之一是過度徵稅。印度目前對未實現收益徵收 30% 的稅，並在源頭扣除 1% 的稅。央行也定期警告投資者，投資數位資產可能會虧損。

All this has done little to dissuade Indians from using digital assets. Chainalysis ranks the country first globally for adoption, with some reports estimating the number of digital asset owners at over 90 million, the highest figure of any country.

所有這些並沒有阻止印度人使用數位資產。 Chainaanalysis 將該國列為全球採用率第一的國家，一些報告估計數位資產所有者的數量超過 9,000 萬，是所有國家中數字最高的。

South Korea claims 80% of FX crime related to ‘crypto’

韓國聲稱 80% 的外匯犯罪與「加密貨幣」有關

South Korean authorities are set to ramp up oversight over cross-border transactions facilitated through digital assets to stamp out foreign exchange crime.

韓國當局將加強對透過數位資產促進的跨境交易的監管，以消除外匯犯罪。

At a recent G20 meeting, Finance Minister Choi Sang-mok revealed that all VASPs offering cross-border transactions with digital assets or stablecoins must now register and submit a monthly report on all their transactions to the country’s central bank. South Korea’s customs, tax and financial watchdogs will review the data for irregularities or illicit transactions.

在最近的 G20 會議上，財政部長 Choi Sang-mok 透露，所有提供數位資產或穩定幣跨境交易的 VASP 現在必須註冊並向該國央行提交所有交易的月度報告。韓國海關、稅務和金融監管機構將審查資料是否有違規或非法交易。

South Korea has insisted that criminals have turned to digital assets to conduct crime across borders. The country’s customs service alleges that digital assets have accounted for 81% of foreign exchange-related crime since 2020, whose total value stands at $7.97 billion.

韓國堅稱犯罪者已轉向數位資產進行跨境犯罪。該國海關稱，自 2020 年以來，數位資產佔外匯相關犯罪的 81%，總價值達 79.7 億美元。

However, data from Chainalysis refutes this: in 2023, only $24.2 billion worth of digital asset volume was associated with crime, accounting for a mere 0.34%.

然而，Chainaanalysis 的數據反駁了這一觀點：2023 年，只有 242 億美元的數位資產量與犯罪相關，佔比僅 0.34%。

The finance minister revealed that the South Korean government intends to incorporate the new mandates into its financial regulations. To this end, it plans to propose amendments in parliament to the country’s Foreign Exchange Transactions Act to establish new reporting requirements for VASPs, which will be separate from those of other FX businesses. The amendments will be introduced in the first half of the year and are expected to take effect before the end of 2025.

財政部長透露，韓國政府打算將新規定納入其金融法規中。為此，它計劃向議會提出對該國外匯交易法的修正案，為 VASP 制定新的報告要求，該要求將與其他外匯業務的報告要求分開。該修正案將於今年上半年出台，預計2025年底前生效。

According to an official report, the number of cryptocurrency investors in South Korea reached 7.78 million in the first half of 2024, an increase of 21% from the second half of 2023. The average daily trading volume increased from $2.61 billion to $

根據官方報告，2024年上半年韓國加密貨幣投資者數量達到778萬，較2023年下半年成長21%。