印度再次考虑全面禁止数字资产，韩国加强对 VASP 的监管

印度将禁止数字资产？尽管印度是比特币采用的世界领先者之一，但印度在数字资产方面有着曲折的历史。

India is reportedly considering a complete ban on digital assets once again, with authorities viewing them as high-risk and believing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) is a better alternative. Meanwhile, South Korea is ramping up oversight of VASPs that offer cross-border transfers to combat digital asset-linked foreign exchange crime.

据报道，印度正在考虑再次全面禁止数字资产，当局认为它们具有高风险，并认为央行数字货币（CBDC）是更好的选择。与此同时，韩国正在加强对提供跨境转账的 VASP 的监管，以打击与数字资产相关的外汇犯罪。

India to ban digital assets?

印度将禁止数字资产？

Despite being one of the world leaders in Bitcoin adoption, India has a checkered history with digital assets. In the past, it banned banks from handling digital asset transactions, imposed hefty taxes and indicated a complete ban on the cards.

尽管印度是比特币采用的世界领先者之一，但印度在数字资产方面有着曲折的历史。过去，它禁止银行处理数字资产交易，征收高额税收，并表示全面禁止这些卡。

Now, the country is again considering banning digital assets, according to a report by the Hindustan Times. The newspaper revealed that the government has been consulting multiple regulators and key institutions on digital assets, and most favor a blanket ban.

据《印度斯坦时报》报道，现在，该国再次考虑禁止数字资产。该报透露，政府一直在就数字资产问题咨询多个监管机构和主要机构，大多数机构都赞成全面禁止。

Citing sources familiar with the matter, the paper revealed that the consultations are being held in preparation for a discussion paper on digital assets.

该报援引知情人士的话透露，正在进行磋商是为了准备一份有关数字资产的讨论文件。

Most of the institutions consulted posited that digital asset risks outweigh their benefits and that a ban would be the best approach. They also claimed that a digital rupee would offer the same benefits as Bitcoin but without the risks.

大多数接受咨询的机构都认为，数字资产的风险大于其收益，禁令将是最好的办法。他们还声称，数字卢比将提供与比特币相同的好处，但没有风险。

“CBDCs can do whatever cryptos do. In fact, CBDCs have more benefits than cryptos, minus the risks associated with private cryptocurrencies,” said one official involved in the discussions on condition of anonymity.

“加密货币能做的任何事，CBDC 都能做。事实上，减去与私人加密货币相关的风险，CBDC 比加密货币有更多的好处，”一位不愿透露姓名的参与讨论的官员表示。

This view is misguided, says Sumit Gupta, the founder of one of India’s largest exchanges, CoinDCX. He noted, “CBDCs and crypto assets serve different purposes and shouldn’t be viewed as competitors. Instead, they complement each other.”

印度最大的交易所之一 CoinDCX 的创始人苏米特·古普塔 (Sumit Gupta) 表示，这种观点是错误的。他指出，“CBDC 和加密资产有不同的用途，不应被视为竞争对手。相反，它们是相辅相成的。”

“By leveraging advancements in the crypto space, we can enhance the efficiency, security and inclusivity of CBDCs, making them more adaptable for real-world applications,” Gupta added.

Gupta 补充道：“通过利用加密领域的进步，我们可以提高 CBDC 的效率、安全性和包容性，使它们更适合现实世界的应用。”

Like many other G20 nations, India has tailored its approach to adhere to the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB). In a paper last year, the two organizations advocated for a balanced approach that regulates digital assets to protect investors rather than an outright ban.

与许多其他 G20 国家一样，印度也根据国际货币基金组织 (IMF) 和金融稳定委员会 (FSB) 的建议调整了自己的做法。在去年的一篇论文中，这两个组织主张采取平衡的方法来监管数字资产以保护投资者，而不是彻底禁止。

However, according to the officials cited by the newspaper, this could soon change.

然而，据该报援引官员的话称，这种情况可能很快就会改变。

“Whilst the IMF-FSB synthesis paper proposes to have a minimum threshold for regulation, it doesn’t stop any country from adopting higher restrictions, including a complete ban,” another official stated.

另一位官员表示：“虽然国际货币基金组织和金融稳定委员会的综合文件提议设定最低监管门槛，但这并不能阻止任何国家采取更高的限制，包括全面禁止。”

The proposed ban is the latest in a long line of efforts by the Indian government to clamp down on digital assets. After its banking ban on digital asset transactions was overturned by the courts, the government has been exploring other methods to suppress the ever-growing momentum in the South Asian nation.

拟议的禁令是印度政府为打击数字资产而采取的一系列努力中的最新一项。在法院推翻银行对数字资产交易的禁令后，政府一直在探索其他方法来抑制这个南亚国家不断增长的势头。

One of these has been over-taxation. India currently imposes a 30% tax on unrealized gains and a 1% tax deducted at source. The central bank has also regularly warned investors that they could lose money investing in digital assets.

其中之一是过度征税。印度目前对未实现收益征收 30% 的税，并在源头扣除 1% 的税。央行还定期警告投资者，投资数字资产可能会亏损。

All this has done little to dissuade Indians from using digital assets. Chainalysis ranks the country first globally for adoption, with some reports estimating the number of digital asset owners at over 90 million, the highest figure of any country.

所有这些并没有阻止印度人使用数字资产。 Chainaanalysis 将该国列为全球采用率第一的国家，一些报告估计数字资产所有者的数量超过 9000 万，是所有国家中数字最高的。

South Korea claims 80% of FX crime related to ‘crypto’

韩国声称 80% 的外汇犯罪与“加密货币”有关

South Korean authorities are set to ramp up oversight over cross-border transactions facilitated through digital assets to stamp out foreign exchange crime.

韩国当局将加强对通过数字资产促进的跨境交易的监管，以消除外汇犯罪。

At a recent G20 meeting, Finance Minister Choi Sang-mok revealed that all VASPs offering cross-border transactions with digital assets or stablecoins must now register and submit a monthly report on all their transactions to the country’s central bank. South Korea’s customs, tax and financial watchdogs will review the data for irregularities or illicit transactions.

在最近的一次 G20 会议上，财政部长 Choi Sang-mok 透露，所有提供数字资产或稳定币跨境交易的 VASP 现在必须注册并向该国央行提交所有交易的月度报告。韩国海关、税务和金融监管机构将审查数据是否存在违规或非法交易。

South Korea has insisted that criminals have turned to digital assets to conduct crime across borders. The country’s customs service alleges that digital assets have accounted for 81% of foreign exchange-related crime since 2020, whose total value stands at $7.97 billion.

韩国坚称犯罪分子已转向数字资产进行跨境犯罪。该国海关称，自 2020 年以来，数字资产占外汇相关犯罪的 81%，总价值达 79.7 亿美元。

However, data from Chainalysis refutes this: in 2023, only $24.2 billion worth of digital asset volume was associated with crime, accounting for a mere 0.34%.

然而，Chainaanalysis 的数据反驳了这一观点：2023 年，只有 242 亿美元的数字资产量与犯罪相关，占比仅为 0.34%。

The finance minister revealed that the South Korean government intends to incorporate the new mandates into its financial regulations. To this end, it plans to propose amendments in parliament to the country’s Foreign Exchange Transactions Act to establish new reporting requirements for VASPs, which will be separate from those of other FX businesses. The amendments will be introduced in the first half of the year and are expected to take effect before the end of 2025.

财政部长透露，韩国政府打算将新规定纳入其金融法规中。为此，它计划向议会提出对该国外汇交易法的修正案，为 VASP 制定新的报告要求，该要求将与其他外汇业务的报告要求分开。该修正案将于今年上半年出台，预计2025年底前生效。

According to an official report, the number of cryptocurrency investors in South Korea reached 7.78 million in the first half of 2024, an increase of 21% from the second half of 2023. The average daily trading volume increased from $2.61 billion to $

据官方报告，2024年上半年韩国加密货币投资者数量达到778万，较2023年下半年增长21%。日均交易量从26.1亿美元增至2023年下半年。