碎片化會撕裂以太坊蓬勃發展的生態系統嗎？ Vitalik Buterin 敦促“結盟”，但為時已晚嗎？

隨著以太坊（ETH）生態系統在過去幾年中迅速擴張，專家們分享了他們的見解。截至 2024 年，有超過 4,000 個去中心化

Ethereum’s (ETH) ecosystem has seen explosive growth over the past few years. As of 2024, there are over 4,000 decentralized applications and dozens of layer 2 solutions built on Ethereum, each with a unique team and vision.

以太坊（ETH）生態系統在過去幾年中出現了爆炸性增長。截至 2024 年，已有超過 4,000 個去中心化應用程式和數十個基於以太坊構建的第 2 層解決方案，每個解決方案都有獨特的團隊和願景。

However, this diversity also creates a challenge: fragmentation. How can such a large, decentralized ecosystem work together toward common goals without losing its unique identity?

然而，這種多樣性也帶來了一個挑戰：碎片化。如此龐大的去中心化生態系統如何在不失去獨特身分的情況下共同努力實現共同目標？

The risk of fragmentation is already becoming apparent. Take, for instance, layer 2 solutions like Arbitrum (ARB) and Optimism (OP). While they aim to scale Ethereum by offloading transactions from the main chain, they operate somewhat independently. This raises concerns about how well these L2s will be able to cooperate in the long run.

碎片化的風險已經變得顯而易見。以 Arbitrum (ARB) 和 Optimism (OP) 等第 2 層解為例。雖然他們的目標是透過從主鏈卸載交易來擴展以太坊，但他們在某種程度上是獨立運作的。這引發了人們對這些 L2 長期合作能力的擔憂。

Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum’s co-founder, recently addressed this issue, calling for ‘Ethereum alignment’ to unify the various projects and teams within the ecosystem.

以太坊聯合創始人 Vitalik Buterin 最近解決了這個問題，並呼籲「以太坊聯盟」來統一生態系統內的各個專案和團隊。

Making Ethereum alignment legiblehttps://t.co/Ydwox0c01i

讓以太坊對齊清晰可見https://t.co/Ydwox0c01i

The core problem lies in ensuring that all these independent efforts — whether by L2 teams, wallet developers, or community groups — contribute to a cohesive whole. 

核心問題在於確保所有這些獨立的努力——無論是 L2 團隊、錢包開發者還是社區團體——為一個有凝聚力的整體做出貢獻。

Without alignment, Ethereum risks becoming a collection of isolated projects that don’t integrate well, undermining its strength as a decentralized network.

如果不協調一致，以太坊就有可能成為無法很好整合的孤立項目的集合，從而削弱其作為去中心化網路的優勢。

Buterin has advocated for establishing clear metrics to evaluate how well individual projects align with Ethereum’s broader goals, thus reducing the risk of social layer capture — where success is based more on personal connections than on actual contributions to the ecosystem.

Buterin 主張建立明確的指標來評估各個項目與以太坊更廣泛目標的契合程度，從而降低社交層佔領的風險——成功更多地基於個人關係，而不是對生態系統的實際貢獻。

Let’s dive deeper into how the metrics Buterin suggests can help Ethereum grow without losing its core values.

讓我們更深入地探討 Buterin 建議的指標如何幫助以太坊在不失去核心價值的情況下發展。

Three pillars of Ethereum alignment

以太坊聯盟的三大支柱

Ethereum alignment rests on three core types:

以太坊聯盟基於三種核心類型：

Each type serves as a guiding principle for ensuring projects contribute meaningfully to Ethereum’s long-term success.

每種類型都是確保專案為以太坊的長期成功做出有意義貢獻的指導原則。

Values alignment

價值觀一致

The first pillar of Ethereum alignment is values. Ethereum was founded on the ideals of openness, decentralization, and public goods, and these values must be shared by all projects within the ecosystem.

以太坊聯盟的第一個支柱是價值觀。以太坊建立在開放、去中心化和公共物品的概念上，這些價值觀必須由生態系統內的所有項目共享。

Open source is a crucial part of this. In an ecosystem driven by transparency and trust, code that is proprietary or hidden from public view signals a red flag.

開源是其中的關鍵部分。在透明度和信任驅動的生態系統中，專有代碼或隱藏在公眾視野之外的代碼發出了危險信號。

Ethereum’s base layer software, such as Geth and Prysm, is fully open-source, allowing anyone to inspect and contribute to the code. However, this standard needs to extend beyond the base layer. 

以太坊的基礎層軟體，例如 Geth 和 Prysm，是完全開源的，允許任何人檢查並貢獻程式碼。然而，該標準需要擴展到基礎層之外。

Buterin argues that all core infrastructure projects should adhere to the Free Software Foundation’s and Open Source Initiative’s definitions of open-source software.

Buterin 認為所有核心基礎設施專案都應遵守自由軟體基金會和開源倡議對開源軟體的定義。

Consider the DeFi space: projects like Uniswap (UNI) are open-source, which is a major reason behind their strong community support. As of Oct. 10, the total liquidity in Uniswap hovers around $3.4 billion, and its success isn’t just due to being a great protocol — it’s because anyone can build on, fork, or improve it.

想想 DeFi 領域：像 Uniswap (UNI) 這樣的專案是開源的，這是其強大社群支援的主要原因。截至 10 月 10 日，Uniswap 的總流動性徘徊在 34 億美元左右，它的成功不僅因為它是一個出色的協議，還因為任何人都可以在它的基礎上進行構建、分叉或改進。

On the other hand, projects that prioritize profits over public goods—those that introduce proprietary elements — risk creating fragmentation. For instance, Polygon’s (POL) ZK rollups, while a major step forward in scaling technology, still operate largely within a centralized framework.

另一方面，將利潤置於公共物品之上的項目（引入專有元素的項目）可能會造成碎片化。例如，Polygon (POL) 的 ZK rollups 雖然在擴展技術方面向前邁出了一大步，但仍主要在集中式框架內運作。

Proprietary code or closed projects can become single points of failure, undermining decentralization and introducing unnecessary risks. Values alignment means that as these technologies evolve, they must remain open and accessible to all, reducing the risk of centralization creeping back into the system.

專有程式碼或封閉的專案可能會成為單點故障，破壞權力下放並引入不必要的風險。價值觀一致意味著，隨著這些技術的發展，它們必須保持開放並可供所有人使用，從而降低集中化重新進入系統的風險。

Technological alignment

技術調整

Ethereum’s technological backbone relies on shared standards. Without these, the network would devolve into a fragmented collection of incompatible solutions. Technological alignment ensures that projects are not only innovative but also interoperable.

以太坊的技術支柱依賴共享標準。如果沒有這些，網路將變成不相容解決方案的支離破碎的集合。技術協調確保專案不僅具有創新性，而且具有互通性。

Take the ERC standards as an example. The ERC-20 token standard is widely adopted, making it easy for wallets, exchanges, and applications to interact with any token built on Ethereum. As of 2024, over 500,000 ERC-20 tokens exist, showcasing the power of shared standards. 

以ERC標準為例。 ERC-20 代幣標準被廣泛採用，使錢包、交易所和應用程式可以輕鬆地與以太坊上構建的任何代幣進行互動。截至 2024 年，已有超過 50 萬個 ERC-20 代幣存在，展示了共享標準的力量。

Similarly, ERC-721 has become the foundation of the NFT ecosystem, enabling the creation of unique digital assets across multiple platforms.

同樣，ERC-721 已成為 NFT 生態系統的基礎，支援跨多個平台創建獨特的數位資產。

However, Ethereum’s technology is evolving rapidly. L2 solutions, account abstraction (ERC-4337), and cross-chain bridges are becoming more prominent, and it’s crucial that these innovations adhere to open standards.

然而，以太坊的技術正在迅速發展。 L2 解決方案、帳戶抽象化 (ERC-4337) 和跨鏈橋變得越來越重要，這些創新遵守開放標準至關重要。

For instance, cross-L2 transfers need to work seamlessly for users moving assets between chains. Currently, this process remains clunky and expensive.

例如，跨 L2 傳輸需要無縫地支援用戶在鏈之間移動資產。目前，這個過程仍然笨拙且昂貴。

The ecosystem also faces challenges with newer technologies like ZK-rollups. While ZK-rollups offer enhanced scalability and privacy, they introduce technical complexities that require careful standardization.

該生態系統也面臨 ZK-rollups 等新技術的挑戰。雖然 ZK-rollups 提供了增強的可擴展性和隱私性，但它們引入了需要仔細標準化的技術複雜性。

To avoid fragmentation, projects must collaborate to establish new ERCs and protocols that ensure these innovations are fully integrated into Ethereum’s broader ecosystem rather than siloed off.

為了避免碎片化，專案必須合作建立新的 ERC 和協議，以確保這些創新完全融入以太坊更廣泛的生態系統中，而不是孤立的。

Economic alignment

經濟調整

The third pillar of alignment is economic. Ethereum’

協調的第三個支柱是經濟。以太坊'