碎片化会撕裂以太坊蓬勃发展的生态系统吗？ Vitalik Buterin 敦促“结盟”，但为时已晚吗？

随着以太坊（ETH）生态系统在过去几年中迅速扩张，专家们分享了他们的见解。截至 2024 年，有超过 4,000 个去中心化

Ethereum’s (ETH) ecosystem has seen explosive growth over the past few years. As of 2024, there are over 4,000 decentralized applications and dozens of layer 2 solutions built on Ethereum, each with a unique team and vision.

以太坊（ETH）生态系统在过去几年中出现了爆炸性增长。截至 2024 年，已有超过 4,000 个去中心化应用程序和数十个基于以太坊构建的第 2 层解决方案，每个解决方案都有独特的团队和愿景。

However, this diversity also creates a challenge: fragmentation. How can such a large, decentralized ecosystem work together toward common goals without losing its unique identity?

然而，这种多样性也带来了一个挑战：碎片化。如此庞大的去中心化生态系统如何在不失去其独特身份的情况下共同努力实现共同目标？

The risk of fragmentation is already becoming apparent. Take, for instance, layer 2 solutions like Arbitrum (ARB) and Optimism (OP). While they aim to scale Ethereum by offloading transactions from the main chain, they operate somewhat independently. This raises concerns about how well these L2s will be able to cooperate in the long run.

碎片化的风险已经变得显而易见。以 Arbitrum (ARB) 和 Optimism (OP) 等第 2 层解决方案为例。虽然他们的目标是通过从主链卸载交易来扩展以太坊，但他们在某种程度上是独立运作的。这引发了人们对这些 L2 长期合作能力的担忧。

Vitalik Buterin, Ethereum’s co-founder, recently addressed this issue, calling for ‘Ethereum alignment’ to unify the various projects and teams within the ecosystem.

以太坊联合创始人 Vitalik Buterin 最近解决了这个问题，呼吁“以太坊联盟”来统一生态系统内的各个项目和团队。

Making Ethereum alignment legiblehttps://t.co/Ydwox0c01i

使以太坊对齐清晰可见https://t.co/Ydwox0c01i

The core problem lies in ensuring that all these independent efforts — whether by L2 teams, wallet developers, or community groups — contribute to a cohesive whole. 

核心问题在于确保所有这些独立的努力——无论是 L2 团队、钱包开发者还是社区团体——为一个有凝聚力的整体做出贡献。

Without alignment, Ethereum risks becoming a collection of isolated projects that don’t integrate well, undermining its strength as a decentralized network.

如果不协调一致，以太坊就有可能成为无法很好整合的孤立项目的集合，从而削弱其作为去中心化网络的优势。

Buterin has advocated for establishing clear metrics to evaluate how well individual projects align with Ethereum’s broader goals, thus reducing the risk of social layer capture — where success is based more on personal connections than on actual contributions to the ecosystem.

Buterin 主张建立明确的指标来评估各个项目与以太坊更广泛目标的契合程度，从而降低社交层占领的风险——成功更多地基于个人关系，而不是对生态系统的实际贡献。

Let’s dive deeper into how the metrics Buterin suggests can help Ethereum grow without losing its core values.

让我们更深入地探讨 Buterin 建议的指标如何帮助以太坊在不失去其核心价值的情况下发展。

Three pillars of Ethereum alignment

以太坊联盟的三大支柱

Ethereum alignment rests on three core types:

以太坊联盟基于三种核心类型：

Each type serves as a guiding principle for ensuring projects contribute meaningfully to Ethereum’s long-term success.

每种类型都是确保项目为以太坊的长期成功做出有意义贡献的指导原则。

Values alignment

价值观一致

The first pillar of Ethereum alignment is values. Ethereum was founded on the ideals of openness, decentralization, and public goods, and these values must be shared by all projects within the ecosystem.

以太坊联盟的第一个支柱是价值观。以太坊建立在开放、去中心化和公共物品的理念之上，这些价值观必须由生态系统内的所有项目共享。

Open source is a crucial part of this. In an ecosystem driven by transparency and trust, code that is proprietary or hidden from public view signals a red flag.

开源是其中的关键部分。在透明度和信任驱动的生态系统中，专有代码或隐藏在公众视野之外的代码发出了危险信号。

Ethereum’s base layer software, such as Geth and Prysm, is fully open-source, allowing anyone to inspect and contribute to the code. However, this standard needs to extend beyond the base layer. 

以太坊的基础层软件，例如 Geth 和 Prysm，是完全开源的，允许任何人检查并贡献代码。然而，该标准需要扩展到基础层之外。

Buterin argues that all core infrastructure projects should adhere to the Free Software Foundation’s and Open Source Initiative’s definitions of open-source software.

Buterin 认为所有核心基础设施项目都应遵守自由软件基金会和开源倡议对开源软件的定义。

Consider the DeFi space: projects like Uniswap (UNI) are open-source, which is a major reason behind their strong community support. As of Oct. 10, the total liquidity in Uniswap hovers around $3.4 billion, and its success isn’t just due to being a great protocol — it’s because anyone can build on, fork, or improve it.

考虑一下 DeFi 领域：像 Uniswap (UNI) 这样的项目是开源的，这是其强大社区支持的主要原因。截至 10 月 10 日，Uniswap 的总流动性徘徊在 34 亿美元左右，它的成功不仅仅因为它是一个出色的协议，还因为任何人都可以在它的基础上进行构建、分叉或改进。

On the other hand, projects that prioritize profits over public goods—those that introduce proprietary elements — risk creating fragmentation. For instance, Polygon’s (POL) ZK rollups, while a major step forward in scaling technology, still operate largely within a centralized framework.

另一方面，将利润置于公共物品之上的项目（引入专有元素的项目）可能会造成碎片化。例如，Polygon (POL) 的 ZK rollups 虽然在扩展技术方面向前迈出了一大步，但仍然主要在集中式框架内运行。

Proprietary code or closed projects can become single points of failure, undermining decentralization and introducing unnecessary risks. Values alignment means that as these technologies evolve, they must remain open and accessible to all, reducing the risk of centralization creeping back into the system.

专有代码或封闭的项目可能会成为单点故障，破坏权力下放并引入不必要的风险。价值观一致意味着，随着这些技术的发展，它们必须保持开放并可供所有人使用，从而降低集中化重新进入系统的风险。

Technological alignment

技术调整

Ethereum’s technological backbone relies on shared standards. Without these, the network would devolve into a fragmented collection of incompatible solutions. Technological alignment ensures that projects are not only innovative but also interoperable.

以太坊的技术支柱依赖于共享标准。如果没有这些，网络将退化为不兼容解决方案的支离破碎的集合。技术协调确保项目不仅具有创新性，而且具有互操作性。

Take the ERC standards as an example. The ERC-20 token standard is widely adopted, making it easy for wallets, exchanges, and applications to interact with any token built on Ethereum. As of 2024, over 500,000 ERC-20 tokens exist, showcasing the power of shared standards. 

以ERC标准为例。 ERC-20 代币标准被广泛采用，使钱包、交易所和应用程序可以轻松地与以太坊上构建的任何代币进行交互。截至 2024 年，已有超过 500,000 个 ERC-20 代币存在，展示了共享标准的力量。

Similarly, ERC-721 has become the foundation of the NFT ecosystem, enabling the creation of unique digital assets across multiple platforms.

同样，ERC-721 已成为 NFT 生态系统的基础，支持跨多个平台创建独特的数字资产。

However, Ethereum’s technology is evolving rapidly. L2 solutions, account abstraction (ERC-4337), and cross-chain bridges are becoming more prominent, and it’s crucial that these innovations adhere to open standards.

然而，以太坊的技术正在迅速发展。 L2 解决方案、账户抽象 (ERC-4337) 和跨链桥变得越来越重要，这些创新遵守开放标准至关重要。

For instance, cross-L2 transfers need to work seamlessly for users moving assets between chains. Currently, this process remains clunky and expensive.

例如，跨 L2 传输需要无缝地支持用户在链之间移动资产。目前，这个过程仍然笨拙且昂贵。

The ecosystem also faces challenges with newer technologies like ZK-rollups. While ZK-rollups offer enhanced scalability and privacy, they introduce technical complexities that require careful standardization.

该生态系统还面临 ZK-rollups 等新技术的挑战。虽然 ZK-rollups 提供了增强的可扩展性和隐私性，但它们引入了需要仔细标准化的技术复杂性。

To avoid fragmentation, projects must collaborate to establish new ERCs and protocols that ensure these innovations are fully integrated into Ethereum’s broader ecosystem rather than siloed off.

为了避免碎片化，项目必须合作建立新的 ERC 和协议，以确保这些创新完全融入以太坊更广泛的生态系统中，而不是孤立的。

Economic alignment

经济调整

The third pillar of alignment is economic. Ethereum’

协调的第三个支柱是经济。以太坊'