司法部解散其國家加密貨幣執法團隊，將不再通過“通過起訴進行監管”

美國司法部“將不再採取具有疊加監管框架對數字資產的訴訟或執法行動”

Earlier this month, the Department of Justice disbanded its National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team and said it would no longer pursue what Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche described as “regulation by prosecution.”

本月早些時候，司法部解散了其國家加密貨幣執法團隊，並表示將不再追求副檢察長托德·布蘭奇（Todd Blanche）被描述為“被起訴的監管”。

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您正在閱讀加密貨幣狀態，這是一本關注加密貨幣與政府交叉點的通訊。單擊此處註冊以後的版本。

The U.S. Department of Justice “will no longer pursue litigation or enforcement actions that have the effect of superimposing regulatory frameworks on digital assets” in lieu of regulatory agencies putting together their own frameworks for overseeing the sector, a 4-page memo signed by Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche on April 7 said. In other words, the DOJ will no longer pursue “regulation by prosecution,” the memo said.

美國司法部“將不再採取訴訟或執法行動，這些訴訟或執法行動對數字資產的疊加監管框架的影響”，而不是由副副檢察長托德·布蘭奇（Todd Blanche）簽署的4頁的監督該部門的監管機構，以負責監督該行業。備忘錄說，換句話說，司法部將不再按照起訴進行“監管”。

The DOJ's memo raised concerns that it may mean criminal activities in the crypto sector would not be prosecuted, or at least prosecuted as heavily as it was under the past several years — both by disbanding the National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team (NCET) and by shifting the entity's priorities.

司法部的備忘錄引起了人們的擔憂，即可能意味著加密貨幣部門中的犯罪活動不會受到起訴，或者至少像過去幾年那樣受到嚴重起訴 - 既通過解散國家加密貨幣執法團隊（NCET）和通過轉移實體的優先事項來起訴。

At a practical level, the memo itself is internal guidance but may not be a binding document. Multiple attorneys told CoinDesk they interpreted the guidance to indicate that the DOJ would still bring fraud or other criminal cases involving crypto, but would try to avoid any cases where the DOJ itself had to determine if a digital asset was a security or a commodity.

在實際層面上，備忘錄本身是內部指導，但可能不是具有約束力的文件。多名律師告訴Coindesk，他們解釋了指南，以表明司法部仍將帶來涉及加密貨幣的欺詐或其他刑事案件，但會試圖避免任何案件，而司法部本身必須確定數字資產是安全性還是商品。

“Fraud is still fraud,” said Josh Naftalis, a partner at Pallas Partners LLP and a former prosecutor with the U.S. Attorney's office for the Southern District of New York. “This memo does not seem to say the DOJ is not going to prosecute fraud in the crypto space.”

帕拉斯合作夥伴有限責任公司的合夥人喬什·納夫塔利斯（Josh Naftalis）說：“欺詐仍然是欺詐行為。” “這份備忘錄似乎並不是說司法部不會在加密空間起訴欺詐。”

Still, the memo raised alarms for prominent Democrats who questioned whether the DOJ was suggesting it would let criminal conduct occur. Senators Elizabeth Warren, Mazie Hirono, Richard Durbin, Sheldon Whitehouse, Christopher Coons and Richard Blumenthal wrote a letter to Blanche, saying his “decision to give a free pass to cryptocurrency money launderers” and shut down the NCET were “grave mistakes that will support sanctions evasion, drug trafficking, scams and child sexual exploitation.”

儘管如此，備忘錄還是向著名民主黨人發出警報，他們質疑司法部是否暗示這會讓犯罪行為發生。參議員伊麗莎白·沃倫（Elizabeth Warren），馬齊·赫羅諾（Mazie Hirono），理查德·德賓（Richard Durbin），謝爾頓·懷特豪斯（Sheldon Whitehouse），克里斯托弗·庫恩斯（Christopher Coons）和理查德·布魯門塔爾（Richard Blumenthal）給布蘭奇（Blanche）寫了一封信，他說，他的“決定免費通行給加密貨幣洗錢者”，並關閉NCET，這是“將支持逃避，逃避逃亡，販毒的exams和兒童的嚴重失誤，scam和兒童。”

“Specifically, the Department will no longer target virtual currency exchanges, mixing and tumbling services and offline wallets for the acts of their end users or unwitting violations of regulations — except to the extent the investigation is consistent with the priorities articulated in the following paragraphs,” the DOJ memo said, a passage the Senators' letter referenced.

“具體來說，該部門將不再針對虛擬貨幣交易所，混合和翻滾的服務以及離線錢包的最終用戶行為或不願違反法規的行為，除非調查與以下各段中所闡明的優先事項一致。

New York Attorney General Letitia James wrote an open letter to Senate leaders in the same week asking them to advance legislation to address cryptocurrency risks. She did not specifically reference Blanche's memo but detailed possible ways to better police the sector through legislation.

紐約總檢察長萊蒂蒂亞·詹姆斯（Letitia James）在同一周給參議院領導人寫了一封公開信，要求他們提出立法以應對加密貨幣風險。她沒有具體提及布蘭奇的備忘錄，而是詳細介紹了通過立法更好地監管該部門的方法。

Katherine Reilly, a partner at Pryor Cashman and a former prosecutor with the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, told CoinDesk that most of the major crypto cases brought by the DOJ in recent years would not have been affected had this guidance been in effect.

普賴爾·卡什曼（Pryor Cashman）的合夥人，紐約南部地區檢察官辦公室的前檢察官凱瑟琳·賴利（Katherine Reilly）告訴Coindesk，如果近年來，司法部提出的大多數主要加密案件將不會受到影響，如果該指南有效。

The BitMEX case in 2020, when the DOJ and Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought unregistered trading and other charges against the platform, is "probably closest to the line" of being a case that may not have been brought under this guidance, she said.

她說，2020年的BITMEX案件是，司法部和商品期貨交易委員會帶來了未註冊的交易和對該平台的其他指控，“可能最接近這一案件，因為這一案件可能未根據該指導提出。

Trump pardoned BitMEX, its founders and a senior employee in late March, barely two weeks before the DOJ memo was shared.

特朗普在3月下旬赦免了Bitmex，其創始人和高級僱員，僅在分享司法部備忘錄前兩週。

"I think that it's clear that the Justice Department wants to limit the DOJ's role in regulating the crypto industry … looking beyond its role in other crimes, fraud, laundering proceeds from narcotics trafficking, things like that, and sort of take a step back from the role of trying to bring order and fairness to the crypto industry as a whole," Reilly said.

“我認為很明顯，司法部想限制司法部在規範加密行業中的作用……超越了其在其他犯罪中的作用，欺詐，洗錢收益，從麻醉品販運，諸如此類的事情中獲得的收益，並從試圖將秩序和公平的角色恢復到整個命令中，” Reilly說。 ”

That's "probably the intent behind the BitMEX pardons too," she said.

她說：“這可能也是Bitmex赦免背後的意圖。”

Naftalis said the DOJ will continue to pursue drug, terrorism or other illicit financing charges even under the memo.

北美自由貿易協定表示，即使在備忘錄下，司法部也將繼續追求毒品，恐怖主義或其他非法融資指控。

"I think that the headline for the industry is to the extent that there are legal uses of crypto, they're not going to set the guard rail by criminal enforcement," he said. "That's for Congress."

他說：“我認為該行業的標題是加密有法律用途的程度，他們不會通過刑事執法來設定護欄。” “那是給國會的。”

One section of the memo tells prosecutors not to charge Bank Secrecy Act violations, unregistered securities offering violations, unregistered broker-dealer violations or other Commodity Exchange Act registration violations "unless there is evidence that the defendant knew of the licensing or registration requirement at issue and violated such a requirement willfully."

該備忘錄的一部分告訴檢察官不要對違反銀行保密法，未註冊的證券，未註冊的經紀人違規行為或其他商品交易法案侵犯行為違反違規行為”

Carla Reyes, an Associate Professor of Law at SMU Dedman School of Law, told CoinDesk that this may be referencing recent cases where developers build tools under the impression that they were not committing unlicensed money transmitting activities under existing guidance but may get charged anyway.

SMU Dedman法學院法學副教授卡拉·雷耶斯（Carla Reyes）告訴科德斯克（Coindesk），這可能是指最近的案件，在這種情況下，開發人員在印像中建立工具的印像是他們沒有在現有指導下進行無執照的貨幣傳輸活動，但無論如何還是可能會受到收費。

"Most criminal statutes require some level of knowledge to define your intention, and knowledge that you're committing a crime when you do it," she said. "The further away you get from that, the lesser the charge, but the more willful [and] intentional it

她說：“大多數刑事法規都需要一定程度的知識來定義您的意圖，並知道您在犯罪時要犯罪。” “您越遠，收費就越少，但故意的越多。