司法部解散其国家加密货币执法团队，将不再通过“通过起诉进行监管”

美国司法部“将不再采取具有叠加监管框架对数字资产的诉讼或执法行动”

Earlier this month, the Department of Justice disbanded its National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team and said it would no longer pursue what Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche described as “regulation by prosecution.”

本月早些时候，司法部解散了其国家加密货币执法团队，并表示将不再追求副检察长托德·布兰奇（Todd Blanche）被描述为“被起诉的监管”。

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The U.S. Department of Justice “will no longer pursue litigation or enforcement actions that have the effect of superimposing regulatory frameworks on digital assets” in lieu of regulatory agencies putting together their own frameworks for overseeing the sector, a 4-page memo signed by Deputy Attorney General Todd Blanche on April 7 said. In other words, the DOJ will no longer pursue “regulation by prosecution,” the memo said.

美国司法部“将不再采取诉讼或执法行动，这些诉讼或执法行动对数字资产的叠加监管框架的影响”，而不是由副副检察长托德·布兰奇（Todd Blanche）签署的4页的监督该部门的监管机构，以负责监督该行业。备忘录说，换句话说，司法部将不再按照起诉进行“监管”。

The DOJ's memo raised concerns that it may mean criminal activities in the crypto sector would not be prosecuted, or at least prosecuted as heavily as it was under the past several years — both by disbanding the National Cryptocurrency Enforcement Team (NCET) and by shifting the entity's priorities.

司法部的备忘录引起了人们的担忧，即可能意味着加密货币部门中的犯罪活动不会受到起诉，或者至少像过去几年那样受到严重起诉 - 既通过解散国家加密货币执法团队（NCET）和通过转移实体的优先事项来起诉。

At a practical level, the memo itself is internal guidance but may not be a binding document. Multiple attorneys told CoinDesk they interpreted the guidance to indicate that the DOJ would still bring fraud or other criminal cases involving crypto, but would try to avoid any cases where the DOJ itself had to determine if a digital asset was a security or a commodity.

在实际层面上，备忘录本身是内部指导，但可能不是具有约束力的文件。多名律师告诉Coindesk，他们解释了指南，以表明司法部仍将带来涉及加密货币的欺诈或其他刑事案件，但会试图避免任何案件，而司法部本身必须确定数字资产是安全性还是商品。

“Fraud is still fraud,” said Josh Naftalis, a partner at Pallas Partners LLP and a former prosecutor with the U.S. Attorney's office for the Southern District of New York. “This memo does not seem to say the DOJ is not going to prosecute fraud in the crypto space.”

帕拉斯合作伙伴有限责任公司的合伙人乔什·纳夫塔利斯（Josh Naftalis）说：“欺诈仍然是欺诈行为。” “这份备忘录似乎并不是说司法部不会在加密空间起诉欺诈。”

Still, the memo raised alarms for prominent Democrats who questioned whether the DOJ was suggesting it would let criminal conduct occur. Senators Elizabeth Warren, Mazie Hirono, Richard Durbin, Sheldon Whitehouse, Christopher Coons and Richard Blumenthal wrote a letter to Blanche, saying his “decision to give a free pass to cryptocurrency money launderers” and shut down the NCET were “grave mistakes that will support sanctions evasion, drug trafficking, scams and child sexual exploitation.”

尽管如此，备忘录还是向著名民主党人发出警报，他们质疑司法部是否暗示这会让犯罪行为发生。参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦（Elizabeth Warren），马齐·赫罗诺（Mazie Hirono），理查德·德宾（Richard Durbin），谢尔顿·怀特豪斯（Sheldon Whitehouse），克里斯托弗·库恩斯（Christopher Coons）和理查德·布鲁门塔尔（Richard Blumenthal）给布兰奇（Blanche）写了一封信，他说，他的“决定免费通行给加密货币洗钱者”，并关闭NCET，这是“将支持逃避，逃避逃亡，贩毒的exams和儿童的严重失误，scam和儿童。”

“Specifically, the Department will no longer target virtual currency exchanges, mixing and tumbling services and offline wallets for the acts of their end users or unwitting violations of regulations — except to the extent the investigation is consistent with the priorities articulated in the following paragraphs,” the DOJ memo said, a passage the Senators' letter referenced.

“具体来说，该部门将不再针对虚拟货币交易所，混合和翻滚的服务以及离线钱包的最终用户行为或不愿违反法规的行为，除非调查与以下各段中所阐明的优先事项一致。

New York Attorney General Letitia James wrote an open letter to Senate leaders in the same week asking them to advance legislation to address cryptocurrency risks. She did not specifically reference Blanche's memo but detailed possible ways to better police the sector through legislation.

纽约总检察长莱蒂蒂亚·詹姆斯（Letitia James）在同一周给参议院领导人写了一封公开信，要求他们提出立法以应对加密货币风险。她没有具体提及布兰奇的备忘录，而是详细介绍了通过立法更好地监管该部门的方法。

Katherine Reilly, a partner at Pryor Cashman and a former prosecutor with the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York, told CoinDesk that most of the major crypto cases brought by the DOJ in recent years would not have been affected had this guidance been in effect.

普赖尔·卡什曼（Pryor Cashman）的合伙人，纽约南部地区检察官办公室的前检察官凯瑟琳·赖利（Katherine Reilly）告诉Coindesk，如果近年来，司法部提出的大多数主要加密案件将不会受到影响，如果该指南有效。

The BitMEX case in 2020, when the DOJ and Commodity Futures Trading Commission brought unregistered trading and other charges against the platform, is "probably closest to the line" of being a case that may not have been brought under this guidance, she said.

她说，2020年的BITMEX案件是，司法部和商品期货交易委员会带来了未注册的交易和对该平台的其他指控，“可能最接近这一案件，因为这一案件可能未根据该指导提出。

Trump pardoned BitMEX, its founders and a senior employee in late March, barely two weeks before the DOJ memo was shared.

特朗普在3月下旬赦免了Bitmex，其创始人和高级雇员，仅在分享司法部备忘录前两周。

"I think that it's clear that the Justice Department wants to limit the DOJ's role in regulating the crypto industry … looking beyond its role in other crimes, fraud, laundering proceeds from narcotics trafficking, things like that, and sort of take a step back from the role of trying to bring order and fairness to the crypto industry as a whole," Reilly said.

“我认为很明显，司法部想限制司法部在规范加密行业中的作用……超越了其在其他犯罪中的作用，欺诈，洗钱收益，从麻醉品贩运，诸如此类的事情中获得的收益，并从试图将秩序和公平的角色恢复到整个命令中，” Reilly说。”

That's "probably the intent behind the BitMEX pardons too," she said.

她说：“这可能也是Bitmex赦免背后的意图。”

Naftalis said the DOJ will continue to pursue drug, terrorism or other illicit financing charges even under the memo.

北美自由贸易协定表示，即使在备忘录下，司法部也将继续追求毒品，恐怖主义或其他非法融资指控。

"I think that the headline for the industry is to the extent that there are legal uses of crypto, they're not going to set the guard rail by criminal enforcement," he said. "That's for Congress."

他说：“我认为该行业的标题是加密有法律用途的程度，他们不会通过刑事执法来设定护栏。” “那是给国会的。”

One section of the memo tells prosecutors not to charge Bank Secrecy Act violations, unregistered securities offering violations, unregistered broker-dealer violations or other Commodity Exchange Act registration violations "unless there is evidence that the defendant knew of the licensing or registration requirement at issue and violated such a requirement willfully."

该备忘录的一部分告诉检察官不要对违反银行保密法，未注册的证券，未注册的经纪人违规行为或其他商品交易法案侵犯行为违反违规行为”

Carla Reyes, an Associate Professor of Law at SMU Dedman School of Law, told CoinDesk that this may be referencing recent cases where developers build tools under the impression that they were not committing unlicensed money transmitting activities under existing guidance but may get charged anyway.

SMU Dedman法学院法学副教授卡拉·雷耶斯（Carla Reyes）告诉科德斯克（Coindesk），这可能是指最近的案件，在这种情况下，开发人员在印象中建立工具的印象是他们没有在现有指导下进行无执照的货币传输活动，但无论如何还是可能会受到收费。

"Most criminal statutes require some level of knowledge to define your intention, and knowledge that you're committing a crime when you do it," she said. "The further away you get from that, the lesser the charge, but the more willful [and] intentional it

她说：“大多数刑事法规都需要一定程度的知识来定义您的意图，并知道您在犯罪时要犯罪。” “您越远，收费就越少，但故意的越多。