一組34家加密貨幣公司敦促國會推動司法部（DOJ）對其“前所未有且過於廣泛的”解釋，對貨幣傳輸法的解釋

他們向參議院銀行委員會，眾議院金融服務委員會以及眾議院和參議院司法委員會發送了一封籤署的信。

A group of 34 crypto firms has urged Congress to push the Department of Justice (DOJ) to amend its “unprecedented and overly expansive” interpretation of U.S. money-transmitting laws, which they argue could have devastating consequences for blockchain developers in the country.

一組34家加密貨幣公司敦促國會推動司法部（DOJ）修改其對美國貨幣傳遞法律的“前所未有且過於廣泛的”解釋，他們認為這可能會對該國的區塊鏈開發人員產生毀滅性的後果。

In a signed letter sent on March 26, the crypto firms addressed their plea to the Senate Banking Committee, the House Financial Services Committee, and the House and Senate judiciary committees.

加密貨幣公司在3月26日發出的簽署信中，向參議院銀行委員會，眾議院金融服務委員會以及眾議院和參議院司法委員會致辭。

The firms’ document focused on the DOJ’s position and interpretation of an unlicensed money-transmitting business, which, according to the crypto firms, could affect “essentially every blockchain developer” in the U.S.

該公司的文件側重於司法部的立場和對無牌貨幣傳遞業務的解釋，根據加密貨幣公司的說法，該業務可能會影響美國的“本質上是每個區塊鏈開發人員”

The controversy arose from the DOJ’s decision to charge Tornado Cash developers Roman Storm and Roman Semenov with money laundering in August 2023.

爭議源於司法部決定在2023年8月向龍捲風現金開發商羅馬風暴和羅馬·塞曼諾夫（Roman Semenov）收取洗錢的決定。

According to the crypto firms, the charges against Storm and Semenov are based on a misinterpretation of federal law and disregard previous regulatory guidance from the Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN).

根據加密貨幣公司的說法，針對Storm和Semenov的指控是基於對聯邦法律的誤解，並無視財政部金融犯罪執法網絡（FINCEN）的先前監管指導。

Out of the two developers, Storm has pleaded not guilty and is currently out on bail. He is also seeking to have the charges dropped. Meanwhile, Semenov, a Russian national, remains at large.

在這兩個開發人員中，Storm不認罪，目前正在保釋。他還試圖降低指控。同時，俄羅斯國民塞恩諾夫（Semenov）仍然是整個。

Earlier this year, the DOJ also filed similar charges against the co-founders of Samourai Wallet, Keonne Rodriguez and William Lonergan Hill, both of whom have pleaded not guilty.

今年早些時候，司法部還針對薩穆萊錢包，基恩·羅德里格斯（Keonne Rodriguez）和威廉·洛納爾根·希爾（William Lonergan Hill）的聯合創始人提出了類似的指控，他們都對此不認罪。

But in a statement announcing the charges against Rodriguez and Hill, the DOJ said that Samourai Wallet, through its products and services, aided individuals in laundering cryptocurrency and evading U.S. sanctions.

但是，在宣布對羅德里格斯和希爾的指控的聲明中，司法部說，薩穆萊錢包通過其產品和服務，有助於洗滌加密貨幣並逃避美國製裁的個人。

However, the crypto firms argue that this stance contradicts FinCEN’s 2019 guidance, which they claim categorized software developers who do not possess and do not control customer funds as not money transmitters.

但是，加密貨幣公司認為，這種立場與Fincen的2019年指南相矛盾，他們聲稱該指南對不擁有且不控制客戶資金的軟件開發人員分類為不是貨幣發射機。

According to the crypto firms, the DOJ’s stance is threatening to criminalize a vast number of software developers.

根據加密公司的說法，司法部的立場威脅要將大量軟件開發人員定為犯罪。

“The DOJ’s position, if allowed to stand, would create an interpretation of U.S. law that is broader than the interpretation of comparable foreign jurisdictions, making it very difficult, if not impossible, for U.S. developers to comply with U.S. law while also operating in other major jurisdictions,” the crypto firms wrote in their letter.

加密貨幣公司在信中寫道：“如果允許站立，將對美國法律產生一種解釋，這比對可比的外國管轄權的解釋更廣泛，這使美國開發人員在其他主要司法管轄區運營的同時非常困難，即使不是不可能，”

They add that U.S. law defines a “money transmitting business” under two sections of the U.S. Code:

他們補充說，美國法律在美國法規的兩個部分下定義了“貨幣傳輸業務”：

“[The crypto firms continue:] In 2019, FinCEN issued guidance that clearly stated that software developers who develop, publish, maintain, and update non-custodial software technologies do not fall within FinCEN’s interpretation of money transmitters.

“ [加密貨幣公司繼續：] Fincen在2019年發布了指導，該指南明確指出，開發，發布，維護和更新非監測軟件技術的軟件開發人員並不屬於Fincen對貨幣發射機的解釋。

« Despite this clear guidance from FinCEN, and despite the fact that no U.S. agency has ever previously brought an administrative action against a non-custodial software developer, the DOJ has disregarded FinCEN’s interpretation and has chosen to apply a differential copy of U.S. law in order to pursue criminal charges against two software developers—Roman Storm and Roman Semenov—for publishing open-source code for non-custodial software technologies.

« Despite this clear guidance from FinCEN, and despite the fact that no US agency has ever previously brought an administrative action against a non-custodial software developer, the DOJ has disregarded FinCEN's interpretation and has chosen to apply a differential copy of US law in order to pursue criminal charges against two software developers—Roman Storm and Roman Semenov—for publishing open-source code for non-custodial software technologies.

“Both of these individuals have now been charged with conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business. In the case of Storm, the DOJ chose to pursue this case despite the fact that the Department had previously declined to pursue a similar case against another individual.

“這兩個人現在都被指控串謀經營無牌的貨幣傳輸業務。在暴風雨的情況下，儘管該部門以前曾拒絕對另一個人提起類似的案件，但司法部還是選擇了此案。

“The crypto firms further claim that the DOJ’s interpretation of U.S. money transmitting laws is also problematic because it could have a chilling effect on crypto development in the U.S.

“加密公司進一步聲稱，司法部對美國貨幣傳輸法律的解釋也有問題，因為它可能對美國加密貨幣開發產生令人不寒而栗的影響

“As the U.S. Congress intended, U.S. administrative agencies are charged with interpreting U.S. law, and lower courts are charged with reviewing the agencies’ interpretations. However, in this instance, the DOJ has disregarded a U.S. administrative agency’s interpretation of U.S. law and has instead chosen to pursue its own interpretation, which no court has ever considered,” the crypto firms said.

“正如美國國會打算的那樣，美國行政機構被控解釋美國法律，下級法院被控審查該機構的解釋。但是，在這種情況下，司法部無視美國行政機構對美國法律的解釋，而是選擇了法院的解釋，” Crypto公司說。 ”

According to the crypto firms, this move by the DOJ is especially concerning given the fact that two separate U.S. government agencies have conflicting interpretations of “money transmission,” rendering it very difficult for developers to stay in compliance with U.S. law.

根據加密公司的說法，司法部的這一舉動尤其是關於這樣一個事實，即兩個獨立的美國政府機構對“貨幣傳輸”的解釋相互矛盾，這使開發商很難遵守美國法律。

“The resulting, and very rational, fear among developers would effectively end the development of these technologies in the United States,” the crypto firms wrote in their letter.

加密貨幣公司在信中寫道：“開發人員之間的恐懼和非常理性的恐懼將有效地結束這些技術在美國的發展。”

This isn't the first time that the DOJ’s stance is facing legal pushback. Earlier this year, Michael Lewellen, a fellow at Coin Center, sued Attorney General Merrick Garland, seeking a legal declaration that his non-custodial crypto software is lawful.

這不是司法部的立場首次面臨法律挑戰。今年早些時候，硬幣中心的研究員邁克爾·萊威倫（Michael Lewellen）起訴總檢察長梅里克·加蘭德（Merrick Garland），他尋求法律聲明，即他的非監測加密軟件是合法的。

In his lawsuit, Lewellen argues that the DOJ is stretching money-transmitting laws beyond constitutional limits by prosecuting developers who merely publish software.

萊威倫在訴訟中辯稱，司法部通過起訴僅發佈軟件的開發人員，將貨幣傳遞法律擴展到憲法限制之外。

According to the crypto firms, Congress should step in to clarify the legal landscape for blockchain developers.

根據加密貨幣公司的說法，國會應該介入以闡明區塊鏈開發商的法律格局。

If left unaddressed, they

如果未解決，他們