一组34家加密货币公司敦促国会推动司法部（DOJ）对其“前所未有且过于广泛的”解释，对货币传输法的解释

他们向参议院银行委员会，众议院金融服务委员会以及众议院和参议院司法委员会发送了一封签署的信。

A group of 34 crypto firms has urged Congress to push the Department of Justice (DOJ) to amend its “unprecedented and overly expansive” interpretation of U.S. money-transmitting laws, which they argue could have devastating consequences for blockchain developers in the country.

一组34家加密货币公司敦促国会推动司法部（DOJ）修改其对美国货币传递法律的“前所未有且过于广泛的”解释，他们认为这可能会对该国的区块链开发人员产生毁灭性的后果。

In a signed letter sent on March 26, the crypto firms addressed their plea to the Senate Banking Committee, the House Financial Services Committee, and the House and Senate judiciary committees.

加密货币公司在3月26日发出的签署信中，向参议院银行委员会，众议院金融服务委员会以及众议院和参议院司法委员会致辞。

The firms’ document focused on the DOJ’s position and interpretation of an unlicensed money-transmitting business, which, according to the crypto firms, could affect “essentially every blockchain developer” in the U.S.

该公司的文件侧重于司法部的立场和对无牌货币传递业务的解释，根据加密货币公司的说法，该业务可能会影响美国的“本质上是每个区块链开发人员”

The controversy arose from the DOJ’s decision to charge Tornado Cash developers Roman Storm and Roman Semenov with money laundering in August 2023.

争议源于司法部决定在2023年8月向龙卷风现金开发商罗马风暴和罗马·塞曼诺夫（Roman Semenov）收取洗钱的决定。

According to the crypto firms, the charges against Storm and Semenov are based on a misinterpretation of federal law and disregard previous regulatory guidance from the Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN).

根据加密货币公司的说法，针对Storm和Semenov的指控是基于对联邦法律的误解，并无视财政部金融犯罪执法网络（FINCEN）的先前监管指导。

Out of the two developers, Storm has pleaded not guilty and is currently out on bail. He is also seeking to have the charges dropped. Meanwhile, Semenov, a Russian national, remains at large.

在这两个开发人员中，Storm不认罪，目前正在保释。他还试图降低指控。同时，俄罗斯国民塞恩诺夫（Semenov）仍然是整个。

Earlier this year, the DOJ also filed similar charges against the co-founders of Samourai Wallet, Keonne Rodriguez and William Lonergan Hill, both of whom have pleaded not guilty.

今年早些时候，司法部还针对萨穆莱钱包，基恩·罗德里格斯（Keonne Rodriguez）和威廉·洛纳尔根·希尔（William Lonergan Hill）的联合创始人提出了类似的指控，他们都对此不认罪。

But in a statement announcing the charges against Rodriguez and Hill, the DOJ said that Samourai Wallet, through its products and services, aided individuals in laundering cryptocurrency and evading U.S. sanctions.

但是，在宣布对罗德里格斯和希尔的指控的声明中，司法部说，萨穆莱钱包通过其产品和服务，有助于洗涤加密货币并逃避美国制裁的个人。

However, the crypto firms argue that this stance contradicts FinCEN’s 2019 guidance, which they claim categorized software developers who do not possess and do not control customer funds as not money transmitters.

但是，加密货币公司认为，这种立场与Fincen的2019年指南相矛盾，他们声称该指南对不拥有且不控制客户资金的软件开发人员分类为不是货币发射机。

According to the crypto firms, the DOJ’s stance is threatening to criminalize a vast number of software developers.

根据加密公司的说法，司法部的立场威胁要将大量软件开发人员定为犯罪。

“The DOJ’s position, if allowed to stand, would create an interpretation of U.S. law that is broader than the interpretation of comparable foreign jurisdictions, making it very difficult, if not impossible, for U.S. developers to comply with U.S. law while also operating in other major jurisdictions,” the crypto firms wrote in their letter.

加密货币公司在信中写道：“如果允许站立，将对美国法律产生一种解释，这比对可比的外国管辖权的解释更广泛，这使美国开发人员在其他主要司法管辖区运营的同时非常困难，即使不是不可能，”

They add that U.S. law defines a “money transmitting business” under two sections of the U.S. Code:

他们补充说，美国法律在美国法规的两个部分下定义了“货币传输业务”：

“[The crypto firms continue:] In 2019, FinCEN issued guidance that clearly stated that software developers who develop, publish, maintain, and update non-custodial software technologies do not fall within FinCEN’s interpretation of money transmitters.

“ [加密货币公司继续：] Fincen在2019年发布了指导，该指南明确指出，开发，发布，维护和更新非监测软件技术的软件开发人员并不属于Fincen对货币发射机的解释。

« Despite this clear guidance from FinCEN, and despite the fact that no U.S. agency has ever previously brought an administrative action against a non-custodial software developer, the DOJ has disregarded FinCEN’s interpretation and has chosen to apply a differential copy of U.S. law in order to pursue criminal charges against two software developers—Roman Storm and Roman Semenov—for publishing open-source code for non-custodial software technologies.

« Despite this clear guidance from FinCEN, and despite the fact that no US agency has ever previously brought an administrative action against a non-custodial software developer, the DOJ has disregarded FinCEN's interpretation and has chosen to apply a differential copy of US law in order to pursue criminal charges against two software developers—Roman Storm and Roman Semenov—for publishing open-source code for non-custodial software technologies.

“Both of these individuals have now been charged with conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business. In the case of Storm, the DOJ chose to pursue this case despite the fact that the Department had previously declined to pursue a similar case against another individual.

“这两个人现在都被指控串谋经营无牌的货币传输业务。在暴风雨的情况下，尽管该部门以前曾拒绝对另一个人提起类似的案件，但司法部还是选择了此案。

“The crypto firms further claim that the DOJ’s interpretation of U.S. money transmitting laws is also problematic because it could have a chilling effect on crypto development in the U.S.

“加密公司进一步声称，司法部对美国货币传输法律的解释也有问题，因为它可能对美国加密货币开发产生令人不寒而栗的影响

“As the U.S. Congress intended, U.S. administrative agencies are charged with interpreting U.S. law, and lower courts are charged with reviewing the agencies’ interpretations. However, in this instance, the DOJ has disregarded a U.S. administrative agency’s interpretation of U.S. law and has instead chosen to pursue its own interpretation, which no court has ever considered,” the crypto firms said.

“正如美国国会打算的那样，美国行政机构被控解释美国法律，下级法院被控审查该机构的解释。但是，在这种情况下，司法部无视美国行政机构对美国法律的解释，而是选择了法院的解释，” Crypto公司说。”

According to the crypto firms, this move by the DOJ is especially concerning given the fact that two separate U.S. government agencies have conflicting interpretations of “money transmission,” rendering it very difficult for developers to stay in compliance with U.S. law.

根据加密公司的说法，司法部的这一举动尤其是关于这样一个事实，即两个独立的美国政府机构对“货币传输”的解释相互矛盾，这使开发商很难遵守美国法律。

“The resulting, and very rational, fear among developers would effectively end the development of these technologies in the United States,” the crypto firms wrote in their letter.

加密货币公司在信中写道：“开发人员之间的恐惧和非常理性的恐惧将有效地结束这些技术在美国的发展。”

This isn't the first time that the DOJ’s stance is facing legal pushback. Earlier this year, Michael Lewellen, a fellow at Coin Center, sued Attorney General Merrick Garland, seeking a legal declaration that his non-custodial crypto software is lawful.

这不是司法部的立场首次面临法律挑战。今年早些时候，硬币中心的研究员迈克尔·莱威伦（Michael Lewellen）起诉总检察长梅里克·加兰德（Merrick Garland），他寻求法律声明，即他的非监测加密软件是合法的。

In his lawsuit, Lewellen argues that the DOJ is stretching money-transmitting laws beyond constitutional limits by prosecuting developers who merely publish software.

莱威伦在诉讼中辩称，司法部通过起诉仅发布软件的开发人员，将货币传递法律扩展到宪法限制之外。

According to the crypto firms, Congress should step in to clarify the legal landscape for blockchain developers.

根据加密货币公司的说法，国会应该介入以阐明区块链开发商的法律格局。

If left unaddressed, they

如果未解决，他们