國家外匯管理局頒布嚴格的新規定，中國加大對加密貨幣交易的打擊力道

中國國家外匯管理局（SAFE）最近發布了嚴格的新規定，要求銀行識別並報告風險交易

China has introduced new regulations that require banks to identify and report risky transactions, including those involving cryptocurrencies, as part of a broader effort to reduce financial activities and tighten its grip on cryptocurrency trading.

中國推出了新法規，要求銀行識別和報告風險交易，包括涉及加密貨幣的交易，作為減少金融活動和加強對加密貨幣交易控制的更廣泛努力的一部分。

The directive, issued by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) last week, mandates local banks to monitor and flag “risky foreign exchange trading behaviors,” such as underground banking, cross-border gambling, and illegal cross-border financial transactions involving cryptocurrencies.

國家外匯管理局（SAFE）上週發布的指令要求地方銀行監控和標記“風險外匯交易行為”，例如地下錢莊、跨境賭博以及涉及非法跨境金融交易。

Banks are now required to track these activities based on factors including the identity of the individuals and institutions involved, the source of funds, and the frequency of transactions. They must also implement risk-control measures and restrict specific services for flagged entities.

現在，銀行需要根據所涉及的個人和機構的身份、資金來源和交易頻率等因素來追蹤這些活動。他們還必須實施風險控制措施並限制針對被標記實體的特定服務。

The move is expected to significantly hinder mainland Chinese investors seeking to trade Bitcoin and other digital assets.

預計此舉將嚴重阻礙尋求交易比特幣和其他數位資產的中國大陸投資者。

According to Liu Zhengyao, a lawyer at ZhiHeng Law Firm in Shanghai, the new regulations provide a stronger legal basis for penalizing crypto-related activities.

上海智恆律師事務所律師劉正耀表示，新規定為懲罰加密貨幣相關活動提供了更強大的法律基礎。

“The regulatory attitude towards cryptocurrencies in mainland China is likely to continue to tighten in the future,” said Liu.

「未來中國大陸對加密貨幣的監管態度可能會繼續收緊，」劉說。

He added that using yuan to purchase cryptocurrencies and then exchanging them for foreign fiat currencies could now be classified as “cross-border financial activities involving cryptocurrencies,” especially if the amounts exceed legal limits.

他補充說，使用人民幣購買加密貨幣，然後將其兌換為外國法定貨幣，現在可以被歸類為“涉及加密貨幣的跨境金融活動”，特別是如果金額超過法定限額。

China's crackdown on cryptocurrency activities began in 2017, when it banned initial coin offerings and shut down crypto exchanges. In May 2021, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) declared all crypto-related businesses illegal, including Bitcoin mining and trading.

中國對加密貨幣活動的打擊始於 2017 年，當時禁止首次代幣發行並關閉加密貨幣交易所。 2021 年 5 月，中國人民銀行 (PBOC) 宣布所有加密相關業務非法，包括比特幣挖礦和交易。

Despite these strict measures, China has not indicated any intention to relax its policies on digital assets. In fact, the Supreme People's Court recently ruled that using cryptocurrency to transfer or convert criminal proceeds violates China's criminal law, further heightening legal risks for traders.

儘管採取了這些嚴格的措施，中國並沒有表示任何放鬆數位資產政策的意圖。事實上，最高法院最近裁定，使用加密貨幣轉移或轉換犯罪所得違反了中國刑法，進一步增加了交易者的法律風險。

Interestingly, China itself holds a significant amount of Bitcoin, with estimates suggesting it has over 190,000 BTC, making it the second-largest government holder of Bitcoin after the United States. These assets were acquired primarily through the confiscation of illegal trade activities.

有趣的是，中國本身就持有大量比特幣，據估計擁有超過 19 萬枚比特幣，使其成為僅次於美國的第二大政府持有比特幣。這些資產主要是透過沒收非法貿易活動而獲得的。

In contrast to China's strict stance, there are calls for a more forward-looking approach to cryptocurrency policy. Justin Sun, the founder of the Tron blockchain, urged China to make further progress in this area in July 2024, suggesting that competition between China and the US in Bitcoin policy could benefit the entire industry.

與中國的嚴格立場相反，有人呼籲對加密貨幣政策採取更具前瞻性的方法。 Tron區塊鏈創始人孫宇晨於2024年7月敦促中國在這一領域取得進一步進展，暗示中美之間在比特幣政策上的競爭可能使整個行業受益。

However, the legal status of cryptocurrencies in China remains complex. While a Chinese court has ruled that crypto-assets have “property qualities” and are not prohibited under Chinese law as commodities, this protection does not extend to their use as currencies or business instruments. This nuanced approach reflects the ongoing tension between regulatory oversight and the potential benefits of cryptocurrency in China.

然而，加密貨幣在中國的法律地位仍然複雜。雖然中國法院裁定加密資產具有“財產性質”，並且根據中國法律不被禁止作為商品，但這種保護並不適用於將其用作貨幣或商業工具。這種微妙的方法反映了中國監管監督與加密貨幣潛在利益之間持續存在的緊張關係。