随着美国制裁的临近，委内瑞拉在石油贸易中快速采用加密货币

委内瑞拉国营石油公司 PDVSA 计划在其原油和燃料出口中增加加密货币的使用，以减轻美国恢复制裁的影响。此举旨在降低出售收益因制裁而被冻结在外国银行账户的风险，而围绕总统选举的政治动荡加剧了这一风险。据报道，PDVSA 要求新客户在数字钱包中持有加密货币，并将许多现货石油交易转为要求以 USDT 稳定币预付款的合约模式。

Venezuela Accelerates Cryptocurrency Adoption in Oil Trading Amidst Revived U.S. Sanctions

在美国重启制裁的情况下，委内瑞拉加速在石油交易中采用加密货币

Washington, D.C. - The United States is poised to reimpose sanctions on Venezuela's oil industry after a six-month suspension, prompting the South American nation to expedite its embrace of cryptocurrencies in oil trading, according to industry sources.

华盛顿特区 - 据行业消息人士称，美国准备在暂停六个月后重新对委内瑞拉石油行业实施制裁，促使这个南美国家加快在石油交易中采用加密货币。

The move to reintroduce sanctions stems from the Venezuelan government's decision to bar opposition candidate Maria Corina Machado from running in the upcoming presidential election, violating General License 44 issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, which authorized transactions related to oil and gas operations in the country.

重新实施制裁的举措源于委内瑞拉政府决定禁止反对派候选人玛丽亚·科里娜·马查多参加即将举行的总统选举，这违反了美国财政部颁发的44号通用许可证，该许可证授权与该国石油和天然气业务相关的交易。

Faced with impending sanctions, Venezuela's state-owned oil company, PDVSA, is implementing measures to mitigate the impact on its crude and fuel exports. Reuters has reported that PDVSA plans to enhance its utilization of digital currencies in oil transactions to minimize the risk of revenue being frozen in foreign bank accounts due to the renewed sanctions.

面对即将到来的制裁，委内瑞拉国有石油公司PDVSA正在采取措施减轻对其原油和燃料出口的影响。据路透社报道，PDVSA 计划加强数字货币在石油交易中的使用，以尽量减少因新制裁而导致外国银行账户收入被冻结的风险。

Cryptocurrency adoption has been an ongoing strategy for Venezuela, with President Nicolás Maduro acknowledging its use in the past. Reuters indicates that PDVSA has shifted a significant portion of its spot oil deals to a contract model requiring prepayment of half of each cargo's value in the USDT stablecoin. This strategy has been in place during the sanctions pause but is being further escalated in light of the impending sanctions.

采用加密货币一直是委内瑞拉的一项持续战略，总统尼古拉斯·马杜罗承认过去曾使用过加密货币。路透社表示，PDVSA 已将其大部分现货石油交易转变为合约模式，要求以 USDT 稳定币预付款每批货物价值的一半。这一战略在制裁暂停期间已经实施，但鉴于制裁即将到来，该战略正在进一步升级。

Additionally, PDVSA is reportedly mandating new customers engaging in oil transactions to establish cryptocurrency wallets.

此外，据报道，PDVSA 还要求从事石油交易的新客户建立加密货币钱包。

The shift to cryptocurrency may be driven by practical considerations, as Tether, the blockchain platform underpinning USDT, has a record of freezing crypto addresses identified by law enforcement as belonging to sanctioned individuals. Tether has voluntarily blocked 1,426 USDT addresses, freezing over $1 billion in funds, according to Dune Analytics.

向加密货币的转变可能是出于实际考虑，因为支撑 USDT 的区块链平台 Tether 有冻结执法部门认定属于受制裁个人的加密地址的记录。据 Dune Analytics 称，Tether 已主动封锁 1,426 个 USDT 地址，冻结了超过 10 亿美元的资金。

Venezuela's initial forays into cryptocurrency included plans to launch its native digital currency, known as the Petro, in early 2018. Initially proposed to operate on the Ethereum blockchain, the token was intended to be censorship-resistant and easily tradable. However, the government later transitioned to a private blockchain, which was subsequently targeted and sanctioned by the U.S., hindering its global adoption. The coin ultimately failed in 2024 amidst a corruption scandal leading to the arrest of the oil minister and the cryptocurrency superintendent, both wanted by the U.S. government on corruption charges.

委内瑞拉最初涉足加密货币领域，包括计划于 2018 年初推出其本土数字货币 Petro。最初提议在以太坊区块链上运行，该代币旨在抗审查且易于交易。然而，政府后来转向私有区块链，随后受到美国的针对和制裁，阻碍了其在全球的采用。该币最终在 2024 年因腐败丑闻而失败，导致石油部长和加密货币主管被捕，两人均因腐败指控而被美国政府通缉。

Despite the challenges, Venezuela's oil exports have witnessed an uptick during the sanctions pause. The nation's oil ministry has confirmed daily exports of nearly 1 million barrels, the highest level in four years.

尽管面临挑战，委内瑞拉的石油出口在制裁暂停期间仍有所增加。该国石油部已确认每日出口量接近100万桶，为四年来的最高水平。

President Maduro has expressed defiance in the face of the impending sanctions, tweeting, "Even with sanctions, blocks, and threats, we will move forward in the country's development and our people's peace."

马杜罗总统对即将到来的制裁表示蔑视，他在推特上表示，“即使有制裁、封锁和威胁，我们也将在国家发展和人民和平方面继续前进。”

The shift towards cryptocurrency in oil trades represents a significant move for Venezuela as it seeks to preserve its oil exports amidst international sanctions. However, relying on intermediaries for transactions raises concerns that a portion of oil revenue could end up in PDVSA's coffers. A recent corruption scandal involving PDVSA executives revealed that $21 billion had been concealed from the government through cryptocurrency transactions.

石油贸易转向加密货币对委内瑞拉来说是一项重大举措，因为委内瑞拉寻求在国际制裁中保护其石油出口。然而，依赖中介机构进行交易引发了人们的担忧，即部分石油收入可能最终落入委内瑞拉国家石油公司的金库。最近涉及 PDVSA 高管的腐败丑闻显示，通过加密货币交易向政府隐瞒了 210 亿美元。

Venezuelan oil minister Pedro Tellechea has stated that the country anticipates continuing to negotiate contracts and expand crude and gas projects during the 45-day wind-down period set by the U.S., after which it will request specific licenses from potential clients.

委内瑞拉石油部长佩德罗·特莱切亚表示，该国预计在美国规定的 45 天缓冲期内继续谈判合同并扩大原油和天然气项目，之后将向潜在客户请求特定许可证。

By leveraging cryptocurrency in oil trading, Venezuela aims to mitigate the impact of sanctions on its critical oil industry. However, the efficacy of this strategy remains uncertain, particularly in light of Tether's history of freezing sanctioned addresses and the potential for corruption within PDVSA.

通过在石油交易中利用加密货币，委内瑞拉旨在减轻制裁对其关键石油行业的影响。然而，这一策略的有效性仍然不确定，特别是考虑到 Tether 冻结受制裁地址的历史以及 PDVSA 内部腐败的可能性。