隨著美國制裁的臨近，委內瑞拉在石油貿易中快速採用加密貨幣

委內瑞拉國營石油公司 PDVSA 計劃在其原油和燃料出口中增加加密貨幣的使用，以減輕美國恢復制裁的影響。此舉旨在降低出售收益因制裁而被凍結在外國銀行帳戶的風險，而圍繞總統選舉的政治動盪加劇了這一風險。據報道，PDVSA 要求新客戶在數位錢包中持有加密貨幣，並將許多現貨石油交易轉為要求以 USDT 穩定幣預付款的合約模式。

Venezuela Accelerates Cryptocurrency Adoption in Oil Trading Amidst Revived U.S. Sanctions

在美國重啟制裁的情況下，委內瑞拉加速在石油交易中採用加密貨幣

Washington, D.C. - The United States is poised to reimpose sanctions on Venezuela's oil industry after a six-month suspension, prompting the South American nation to expedite its embrace of cryptocurrencies in oil trading, according to industry sources.

華盛頓特區 - 據行業消息人士稱，美國準備在暫停六個月後重新對委內瑞拉石油行業實施制裁，促使這個南美國家加快在石油交易中採用加密貨幣。

The move to reintroduce sanctions stems from the Venezuelan government's decision to bar opposition candidate Maria Corina Machado from running in the upcoming presidential election, violating General License 44 issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, which authorized transactions related to oil and gas operations in the country.

重新實施制裁的舉措源於委內瑞拉政府決定禁止反對派候選人瑪麗亞·科里娜·馬查多參加即將舉行的總統選舉，這違反了美國財政部頒發的44號通用許可證，該許可證授權與該國石油和天然氣業務相關的交易。

Faced with impending sanctions, Venezuela's state-owned oil company, PDVSA, is implementing measures to mitigate the impact on its crude and fuel exports. Reuters has reported that PDVSA plans to enhance its utilization of digital currencies in oil transactions to minimize the risk of revenue being frozen in foreign bank accounts due to the renewed sanctions.

面對即將到來的製裁，委內瑞拉國有石油公司PDVSA正在採取措施減輕對其原油和燃料出口的影響。根據路透社報道，PDVSA 計劃加強數位貨幣在石油交易中的使用，以盡量減少因新制裁而導致外國銀行帳戶收入被凍結的風險。

Cryptocurrency adoption has been an ongoing strategy for Venezuela, with President Nicolás Maduro acknowledging its use in the past. Reuters indicates that PDVSA has shifted a significant portion of its spot oil deals to a contract model requiring prepayment of half of each cargo's value in the USDT stablecoin. This strategy has been in place during the sanctions pause but is being further escalated in light of the impending sanctions.

採用加密貨幣一直是委內瑞拉的持續策略，總統尼古拉斯馬杜羅承認過去曾使用加密貨幣。路透社表示，PDVSA 已將其大部分現貨石油交易轉變為合約模式，要求以 USDT 穩定幣預付款每批貨物價值的一半。這項策略在製裁暫停期間已經實施，但鑑於制裁即將到來，該戰略正在進一步升級。

Additionally, PDVSA is reportedly mandating new customers engaging in oil transactions to establish cryptocurrency wallets.

此外，據報道，PDVSA 還要求從事石油交易的新客戶建立加密貨幣錢包。

The shift to cryptocurrency may be driven by practical considerations, as Tether, the blockchain platform underpinning USDT, has a record of freezing crypto addresses identified by law enforcement as belonging to sanctioned individuals. Tether has voluntarily blocked 1,426 USDT addresses, freezing over $1 billion in funds, according to Dune Analytics.

向加密貨幣的轉變可能是出於實際考慮，因為支撐 USDT 的區塊鏈平台 Tether 有凍結執法部門認定屬於受制裁個人的加密位址的記錄。據 Dune Analytics 稱，Tether 已主動封鎖 1,426 個 USDT 地址，凍結了超過 10 億美元的資金。

Venezuela's initial forays into cryptocurrency included plans to launch its native digital currency, known as the Petro, in early 2018. Initially proposed to operate on the Ethereum blockchain, the token was intended to be censorship-resistant and easily tradable. However, the government later transitioned to a private blockchain, which was subsequently targeted and sanctioned by the U.S., hindering its global adoption. The coin ultimately failed in 2024 amidst a corruption scandal leading to the arrest of the oil minister and the cryptocurrency superintendent, both wanted by the U.S. government on corruption charges.

委內瑞拉最初涉足加密貨幣領域，包括計劃於 2018 年初推出其本土數位貨幣 Petro。然而，政府後來轉向私有區塊鏈，隨後受到美國的針對和製裁，阻礙了其在全球的採用。該幣最終在 2024 年因腐敗醜聞而失敗，導致石油部長和加密貨幣主管被捕，兩人都因腐敗指控而被美國政府通緝。

Despite the challenges, Venezuela's oil exports have witnessed an uptick during the sanctions pause. The nation's oil ministry has confirmed daily exports of nearly 1 million barrels, the highest level in four years.

儘管面臨挑戰，委內瑞拉的石油出口在製裁暫停期間仍有增加。該國石油部已確認每日出口量接近100萬桶，為四年來的最高水準。

President Maduro has expressed defiance in the face of the impending sanctions, tweeting, "Even with sanctions, blocks, and threats, we will move forward in the country's development and our people's peace."

馬杜羅總統對即將到來的製裁表示蔑視，他在推特上表示，“即使有製裁、封鎖和威脅，我們也將在國家發展和人民和平方面繼續前進。”

The shift towards cryptocurrency in oil trades represents a significant move for Venezuela as it seeks to preserve its oil exports amidst international sanctions. However, relying on intermediaries for transactions raises concerns that a portion of oil revenue could end up in PDVSA's coffers. A recent corruption scandal involving PDVSA executives revealed that $21 billion had been concealed from the government through cryptocurrency transactions.

石油貿易轉向加密貨幣對委內瑞拉來說是一項重大舉措，因為委內瑞拉尋求在國際制裁中保護其石油出口。然而，依賴中介機構進行交易引發了人們的擔憂，即部分石油收入可能最終落入委內瑞拉國家石油公司的金庫。最近涉及 PDVSA 高層的腐敗醜聞顯示，透過加密貨幣交易向政府隱瞞了 210 億美元。

Venezuelan oil minister Pedro Tellechea has stated that the country anticipates continuing to negotiate contracts and expand crude and gas projects during the 45-day wind-down period set by the U.S., after which it will request specific licenses from potential clients.

委內瑞拉石油部長佩德羅·特萊切亞表示，該國預計在美國規定的 45 天緩衝期內繼續談判合約並擴大原油和天然氣項目，之後將向潛在客戶請求特定許可證。

By leveraging cryptocurrency in oil trading, Venezuela aims to mitigate the impact of sanctions on its critical oil industry. However, the efficacy of this strategy remains uncertain, particularly in light of Tether's history of freezing sanctioned addresses and the potential for corruption within PDVSA.

透過在石油交易中利用加密貨幣，委內瑞拉旨在減輕制裁對其關鍵石油產業的影響。然而，這項策略的有效性仍然不確定，特別是考慮到 Tether 凍結受制裁地址的歷史以及 PDVSA 內部腐敗的可能性。