美国参议员公布两党稳​​定币法案，为 FDIC 覆盖铺平道路

为了建立支付稳定币的监管透明度，美国参议员辛西娅·鲁米斯 (Cynthia Lummis) 和克尔斯滕·吉利布兰德 (Kirsten Gillibrand) 提出了《鲁米斯-吉利布兰德支付稳定币法案》。这项两党立法旨在保护消费者、促进创新并维持美元在双银行体系中的主导地位。主要条款包括强制性的一对一准备金要求、禁止算法稳定币以及要求遵守反洗钱和制裁法规。此外，该法案还提议与 FDIC 建立“接管制度”，以保护客户资金，这可能为符合既定标准的稳定币发行人获得 FDIC 保险打开大门。

US Senators Spearhead Bipartisan Stablecoin Bill, Paving the Way for FDIC Insurance

美国参议员带头推动两党稳定币法案，为 FDIC 保险铺平道路

In a momentous move, US Senators Cynthia Lummis and Kirsten Gillibrand have collaborated to introduce a comprehensive legislative framework aimed at regulating payment stablecoins. The Lummis-Gillibrand Payments Stablecoin Act, unveiled on April 17, seeks to strike a balance between fostering innovation, protecting consumers, and preserving the stability of the US dollar within the framework of the dual banking system.

美国参议员辛西娅·卢米斯 (Cynthia Lummis) 和克尔斯滕·吉利布兰德 (Kirsten Gillibrand) 合作推出了旨在监管支付稳定币的全面立法框架，这是一项重大举措。 4 月 17 日公布的《鲁米斯-吉利布兰德支付稳定币法案》力求在双银行体系框架内促进创新、保护消费者和维护美元稳定之间取得平衡。

"This bill safeguards our dual banking system while implementing crucial guardrails to shield consumers and combat illicit finance, ensuring that innovation remains unhindered," remarked Senator Lummis.

卢米斯参议员表示：“这项法案保护了我们的双重银行体系，同时实施了重要的护栏来保护消费者并打击非法金融，确保创新不受阻碍。”

Stablecoins, such as Tether's USDT and Circle's USDC, have gained significant traction in the cryptocurrency market, increasingly utilized as a medium of payment. Notably, US Treasury Deputy Secretary Adewale Adeyemo has raised concerns about Russia's alleged use of stablecoins, particularly USDT, to circumvent economic sanctions.

Tether 的 USDT 和 Circle 的 USDC 等稳定币在加密货币市场中获得了巨大的关注，越来越多地被用作支付媒介。值得注意的是，美国财政部副部长 Adewale Adeyemo 对俄罗斯涉嫌使用稳定币（特别是 USDT）来规避经济制裁表示担忧。

Intricate Framework for Stablecoins

稳定币的复杂框架

The Lummis-Gillibrand bill meticulously outlines an operational framework for stablecoins within the United States, representing a more targeted approach than previous initiatives. Stringent reserve requirements for issuers and operational guidelines form the cornerstone of this framework.

Lummis-Gillibrand 法案精心概述了美国境内稳定币的运营框架，代表了比之前的举措更有针对性的方法。对发行人的严格准备金要求和操作指南构成了该框架的基石。

Under the proposed legislation, issuers must operate either as non-depository trust institutions registered with the Federal Reserve Board of Governors or as depository institutions authorized for stablecoin issuance. Financial institutions seeking to venture into the stablecoin realm must establish dedicated subsidiaries for this purpose.

根据拟议的立法，发行人必须作为在美联储理事会注册的非存款信托机构或授权发行稳定币的存款机构运营。寻求进入稳定币领域的金融机构必须为此目的设立专门的子公司。

Registered issuers are required to maintain full dollar backing for their stablecoins, effectively prohibiting the use of algorithmic stablecoins. Furthermore, the bill caps the issuance of stablecoins by non-depository trust companies at $10 billion, requiring institutions exceeding this threshold to obtain authorization as national payment stablecoin issuers.

注册发行人必须为其稳定币维持全额美元支持，从而有效禁止使用算法稳定币。此外，该法案将非存款信托公司稳定币的发行上限设定为100亿美元，要求超过这一门槛的机构必须获得国家支付稳定币发行机构的授权。

Consumer Protection and FDIC Insurance

消费者保护和 FDIC 保险

To instill confidence in consumers regarding the security of their funds, the bill establishes a "receivership regime" with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). This regime clearly defines the order of priority, claims validity, and classifies payment stablecoins as customer assets, distinct from the issuer's assets.

为了增强消费者对其资金安全的信心，该法案与联邦存款保险公司（FDIC）建立了“接收制度”。该制度明确定义了优先顺序、索赔有效性，并将支付稳定币归类为客户资产，区别于发行人的资产。

Senator Gillibrand emphasized, "These provisions protect consumers by mandating one-to-one reserves, prohibiting algorithmic stablecoins, and obligating stablecoin issuers to adhere to US anti-money laundering and sanctions regulations."

参议员吉利布兰德强调，“这些条款通过强制一对一储备、禁止算法稳定币以及要求稳定币发行者遵守美国反洗钱和制裁法规来保护消费者。”

Dual Banking System Preservation

双银行系统保护

The Lummis-Gillibrand bill seeks to preserve the dual banking system, which allows banks to operate under either state or federal charters. This approach aims to promote innovation while ensuring financial stability, as state-chartered banks can offer a greater degree of flexibility and customization to meet the evolving needs of the market.

鲁米斯-吉利布兰德法案旨在保留双重银行体系，允许银行根据州或联邦特许经营。这种方法旨在促进创新，同时确保金融稳定，因为国有银行可以提供更大程度的灵活性和定制性，以满足市场不断变化的需求。

Conclusion

结论

The introduction of the Lummis-Gillibrand Payments Stablecoin Act marks a significant step towards establishing a clear regulatory framework for payment stablecoins in the United States. By balancing consumer protection, innovation, and the stability of the US dollar, this legislation endeavors to create an environment that fosters responsible growth within the digital asset ecosystem. As the bill progresses through the legislative process, it will undoubtedly be subjected to scrutiny and debate, shaping the future of stablecoin regulation in the United States.

Lummis-Gillibrand支付稳定币法案的出台标志着美国朝着建立清晰的支付稳定币监管框架迈出了重要一步。通过平衡消费者保护、创新和美元稳定，该立法致力于创造一个促进数字资产生态系统负责任增长的环境。随着该法案通过立法程序的进展，无疑将受到审查和辩论，从而塑造美国稳定币监管的未来。