俄罗斯提出了新的比特币立法，该立法可能将其通过第三方的转移定为犯罪

俄罗斯的调查委员会提出了一项可能影响该国加密货币市场的提案。

Russia’s Investigative Committee has proposed new legislation that would legally classify cryptocurrency as property and potentially criminalize its transfer through third parties.

俄罗斯的调查委员会提出了新的立法，该立法将合法地将加密货币归类为财产，并将其通过第三方的转让定为犯罪。

The move comes amid a broader effort to regulate digital assets in Russia. In early February, Investigative Committee Chairman Alexander Bastrykin announced during an extended board meeting that the agency had proposed to legalize cryptocurrency as property, Interfax reports.

此举是在规范俄罗斯数字资产的更广泛努力中。 Interfax报道，2月初，调查委员会主席Alexander Bastrykin在一项扩展董事会会议上宣布，该机构建议将加密货币合法化为财产。

“We have proposed to legally recognize cryptocurrency as property and to introduce criminal liability for transferring electronic payment instruments to third parties,” Bastrykin said.

Bastrykin说：“我们提议合法地将加密货币视为财产，并对将电子支付工具转移给第三方。”

The proposal has sparked debate among legal experts over whether cryptocurrency falls under the definition of “electronic payment instruments” in Russian law. If approved, the changes would introduce clear rules on how cryptocurrency can be seized or confiscated during investigations.

该提案激发了法律专家之间关于加密货币是否属于俄罗斯法律“电子支付工具”的定义的辩论。如果获得批准，这些更改将介绍有关如何在调查过程中如何扣押或没收加密货币的明确规则。

Currently, Russian law lacks a standardized approach to handling cryptocurrency in criminal cases. The proposed amendments would officially classify crypto as property, allowing authorities to treat it as evidence. New rules would also set guidelines for freezing and confiscating cryptocurrencies.

目前，俄罗斯法律缺乏在刑事案件中处理加密货币的标准化方法。拟议的修正案将正式将加密货币归类为财产，使当局可以将其视为证据。新规则还将设定冻结和没收加密货币的准则。

One key issue that the committee is highlighting in its proposal is the illegal use of third-party bank accounts, often known as “droppers,” to facilitate cryptocurrency transactions. This practice is what the authorities are suggesting criminal liability for.

该委员会在其提案中强调的一个关键问题是非法使用第三方银行帐户（通常称为“ Droppers”）来促进加密货币交易。这种做法是当局提出的刑事责任。

According to Russian law, electronic payment instruments refer to methods that allow individuals to manage and transfer funds through electronic systems, such as banking cards or digital wallets. But when it comes to cryptocurrency, law enforcement faces technical challenges in identifying and tracking illicit transactions.

根据俄罗斯法律，电子支付工具是指允许个人通过电子系统（例如银行卡或数字钱包）管理和转移资金的方法。但是，在加密货币方面，执法部门在识别和跟踪非法交易时面临技术挑战。

Vladimir Sobinsky, a legal expert at the law firm DRC, which represented Binance in 2020, explained in a commentary to crypto.news that the issue lies in the way crypto is bought in Russia. Many crypto newbies use the peer-to-peer services of centralized crypto exchanges, he says.

律师事务所DRC的法律专家Vladimir Sobinsky于2020年代表Binance，他在对Crypto的评论中解释说，这个问题在于在俄罗斯购买加密货币的方式。他说，许多加密新手使用集中加密交易所的点对点服务。

There, they essentially “buy access” to someone else’s banking app because Russian banking rules limit their ability to buy crypto directly. This mechanism technically counts as using a dropper’s services, Sobinsky explains.

在那里，他们本质上是对他人银行应用程序的“购买访问权限”，因为俄罗斯银行业务规则限制了他们直接购买加密货币的能力。 Sobinsky解释说，这种机制从技术上讲是使用滴管服务的。

“In most cases, this is due to the fact that when frequently conducting crypto buy or sell transactions, users’ bank cards are blocked under Federal Law 115-FL, and they are forced to close their accounts. As a result, an individual who frequently buys and sells cryptocurrency is forced to ‘buy access’ to a third party’s banking app in order to conduct transactions through their account, effectively using the services of a dropper for their own purposes.”

“在大多数情况下，这是由于以下事实：当经常进行加密货币交易时，用户的银行卡受到联邦法律115-FL的限制，并且他们被迫关闭其帐户。结果，一个经常购买和出售加密货币的个人被迫“购买访问权限”第三方的银行应用程序，以便通过其帐户进行交易，实际上将滴管服务用于自己的目的。”

Vladimir Sobinsky

弗拉基米尔·索本斯基

Bastrykin's proposal appears to be aimed at curbing the increasing number of crimes related to cryptocurrency, especially those involving young people. Sobinsky says droppers are usually “young people or migrants” who are willing to “sell access” to their bank account for 50,000-60,000 Russian rubles (around $500-600).

Bastrykin的提议似乎旨在遏制与加密货币有关的犯罪数量越来越多，尤其是涉及年轻人的犯罪。索本斯基说，滴管通常是“年轻人或移民”，他们愿意以50,000-60,000俄罗斯卢布（约合500-600美元）“出售”其银行帐户的访问权限。

According to data from the Investigative Committee, there was a 10% increase in digital crimes in 2024 compared to the previous year, with nearly one in five such offenses being committed by individuals under the age of majority. However, it is not clear how many of these crimes involved crypto.

根据调查委员会的数据，与上一年相比，2024年的数字犯罪增加了10％，五分之一的此类犯罪是由多数年龄段以下的个人犯下的。但是，尚不清楚其中有多少涉及加密货币。

While the idea of criminal liability for transferring electronic payment instruments is clear, whether it applies to crypto wallets is not. Sobinsky says crypto wallets are not considered electronic payment instruments. Nevsky IP Law, another Russian firm that also represented Binance in court, believes they are.

尽管转移电子支付工具的刑事责任的想法很明确，但它是否适用于加密钱包。 Sobinsky说，加密钱包不被视为电子支付工具。 Nevsky IP Law是另一项也代表法庭上代表Binance的俄罗斯公司，他认为它们是。

“[…] in terms of crypto, electronic payment instruments include both digital and hardware wallets. The initiative to criminalize the transfer of such electronic payment instruments to nominee parties is understandable. In the case of bank cards, law enforcement, regulatory authorities, and banks themselves know who is making the transaction. With cryptocurrencies, however, the wallet is often known, but not the specific individual.”

“ […]在加密货币方面，电子支付工具包括数字和硬件钱包。将此类电子支付工具转移给提名方的主动性是可以理解的。就银行卡，执法，监管机构和银行本身而言，他们知道谁在进行交易。但是，使用加密货币，钱包通常是已知的，但不是特定的人。”

Ruslan Gafurov, Partner, Head of Dispute Resolution Practice at Nevsky IP Law

Nevsky IP Law的合伙人，争议解决实践主管Ruslan Gafurov

Gafurov also noted that the phenomenon of “droppers” is common in Russia's banking card sector. Banks always include a clause in card issuance agreements prohibiting the transfer of cards, but “no criminal bans currently exist,” Gafurov says, adding that the issue “is not as simple as it may seem at first glance.”

加夫罗夫还指出，“滴管”现象在俄罗斯的银行卡部门很常见。加法罗夫说，银行总是在发行卡的一项条款中包括一项条款，禁止卡的转让，但“目前不存在犯罪禁令”，并补充说，这个问题“乍一看并不像乍一看那样简单。”

On Bastrykin's call to classify crypto as property, the Nevsky IP Law partner says it is already recognized as property in Russian law, especially in civil and tax matters.

Nevsky IP法律合作伙伴在Bastrykin呼吁将加密货币归为财产的呼吁中说，它已经被认为是俄罗斯法律中的财产，尤其是在民事和税收方面。

“Courts have previously dealt with questions about whether cryptocurrency is considered property in bankruptcy and divorce cases. It was then that it was first confirmed in Russia that, under the meaning of Article 128 of the Civil Code, cryptocurrency is indeed considered property.”

“法院以前已经处理了有关加密货币在破产和离婚案件中是否被视为财产的问题。那时首先在俄罗斯确认，根据《民法典》第128条的含义，加密货币确实被视为财产。”

Ruslan Gafurov

However, Gafurov acknowledged that the proposed amendments may be necessary to address specific procedural issues related to cryptocurrency in criminal law. For instance, these amendments could shed light on the confiscation and seizure of cryptocurrencies. He pointed out that the issue is not

但是，Gafurov承认，拟议的修正案对于解决与刑法中的加密货币有关的特定程序问题可能是必要的。例如，这些修正案可能会阐明没收加密货币。他指出问题不是