拉扯地毯：险恶的现象欺骗了数百万毫无戒心的投资者

在基本上不受监管的 web3 中，一个基于区块链技术构建的去中心化互联网生态系统，加密货币等数字资产是其中的一部分，出现了一种被称为“拉扯”的险恶现象。

In the largely unregulated expanse of web3, a decentralised internet ecosystem built on blockchain technology, which digital assets like cryptocurrencies are part of, a sinister phenomenon termed rug pulling has emerged.

在基本上不受监管的 web3 中，一个基于区块链技术构建的去中心化互联网生态系统，加密货币等数字资产是其中的一部分，出现了一种被称为“拉扯”的险恶现象。

This scam has already bilked unsuspecting investors out of millions of naira. But what exactly is rug pulling, and how do scammers execute these elaborate heists?

这一骗局已经让毫无戒心的投资者损失了数百万奈拉。但诈骗者到底是如何实施这些精心策划的抢劫的呢？

This explainer will explore the inner workings of rug pulling and its most common forms. Understanding this scam will better equip you to protect yourself from its devastating consequences.

本讲解员将探讨地毯拉动的内部运作原理及其最常见的形式。了解这个骗局将使您更好地保护自己免受其毁灭性后果的影响。

WHAT DOES RUG PULLING MEAN?

拉地毯是什么意思？

Otherwise known as a potential pump-and-dump, rug pulling is when someone artificially inflates the price of an asset through false or misleading “positive” information.

拉高抛售也被称为潜在的拉高抛售，是指有人通过虚假或误导性的“正面”信息人为抬高资产价格。

In cryptocurrency, rug pulling refers to a type of scam where a developer or team creates a cryptocurrency or token, promotes it to investors, and then suddenly abandons the project, taking the invested funds with them.

在加密货币中，拉扯是指一种骗局，开发人员或团队创建一种加密货币或代币，将其推销给投资者，然后突然放弃该项目，带走投资的资金。

It largely takes a well-thought-out plan on the part of the developers and team involved to create hype around a new cryptocurrency or token through social media like X and Telegram.

通过 X 和 Telegram 等社交媒体围绕新的加密货币或代币进行炒作，很大程度上需要开发人员和团队制定深思熟虑的计划。

The hype usually comes with promises of unusually high returns or guaranteed profits to lure investors, requiring investors to send cryptocurrency or tokens to a specific wallet address. The promoters exploit human greed and the fear of missing out (FOMO).

炒作通常伴随着异常高回报或保证利润的承诺来吸引投资者，要求投资者将加密货币或代币发送到特定的钱包地址。发起人利用了人类的贪婪和对错过机会的恐惧（FOMO）。

Once enough capital is raised, the developers execute the rug pull. One way to do this is to include a token dump, where they might sell off their holdings in the token, leading to the price crashing. The promoters could abandon the project and shut down communication channels like social media, project websites, and community servers, leaving investors with no way to reach out or recover their investments.

一旦筹集到足够的资金，开发商就会实施拉动。一种方法是进行代币转储，他们可能会出售所持有的代币，从而导致价格暴跌。发起人可以放弃该项目并关闭社交媒体、项目网站和社区服务器等沟通渠道，使投资者无法联系或收回投资。

The aftermath is that investors are usually left with worthless tokens or unable to liquidate their holdings. This not only leads to financial losses but can also erode trust in future projects.

后果是投资者通常会留下毫无价值的代币或无法清算其持有的代币。这不仅会导致财务损失，还会削弱对未来项目的信任。

POPULAR EXAMPLES OF RUG PULLING IN CRYPTOCURRENCIES

加密货币中的流行例子

To execute a successful rug pull, the developers and the team behind the token in question normally invest in aggressive marketing, and one way this is achieved is through having a popular face to promote the project.

为了成功地进行拉动，相关代币背后的开发人员和团队通常会投资于积极的营销，而实现这一目标的一种方法是通过拥有受欢迎的面孔来推广该项目。

Celebrities like Davido, a Nigerian musician; Floyd Mayweather, a former professional boxer; and Shaquille O’Neal, an ex-NBA basketballer, have reportedly been the face of one rug pull or another.

尼日利亚音乐家达维多等名人；弗洛伊德·梅威瑟，前职业拳击手；据报道，前 NBA 篮球运动员沙奎尔·奥尼尔 (Shaquille O'Neal) 曾是某场比赛的代言人。

In 2021, Davido promoted RapDoge, a memecoin, on his social media platforms. This promotion, also known as “shilling”, generated significant buzz and excitement among his followers.

2021 年，Davido 在他的社交媒体平台上推广了 Memecoin RapDoge。这种促销，也被称为“先令”，在他的追随者中引起了极大的轰动和兴奋。

Davido’s endorsement of RapDoge was seen as a way to encourage his fans to invest in cryptocurrency. However, after promoting the coin, Davido allegedly sold his coins, potentially at a profit. This sale may have contributed to a surge in sell orders, causing the price of RapDoge to drop.

Davido 对 RapDoge 的认可被视为鼓励粉丝投资加密货币的一种方式。然而，据称达维多在推广该硬币后出售了他的硬币，可能获利。这次销售可能导致卖单激增，导致 RapDoge 的价格下跌。

Davido’s move was reportedly worth around $300,000. Many of Davido’s followers who had invested in RapDoge based on his endorsement may have seen the value of their investments decline significantly. Some may have even lost money, depending on when they bought in and how much they invested.

据报道，Davido 的转会价值约为 30 万美元。 Davido 的许多追随者因他的认可而投资 RapDoge，他们的投资价值可能会大幅下降。有些人甚至可能赔钱，这取决于他们何时买入以及投资了多少。

The incident sparked widespread criticism and controversy on social media, with many people accusing Davido of pumping and dumping the meme coin and taking advantage of his followers.

该事件在社交媒体上引发了广泛的批评和争议，许多人指责达维多炒作和抛售模因币并利用他的追随者。

On his part, Floyd Mayweather, the US boxer, has reportedly been involved in several questionable cryptocurrency and non-fungible token (NFT) projects.

据报道，美国拳击手弗洛伊德·梅威瑟参与了多个可疑的加密货币和不可替代代币（NFT）项目。

One notable example is the 2017 Centra ICO, which was later revealed to be a scam. Mayweather promoted the project on his social media channels, encouraging his followers to invest.

一个著名的例子是 2017 年 Centra ICO，后来被揭露是一场骗局。梅威瑟在他的社交媒体渠道上宣传该项目，鼓励他的追随者投资。

In 2021, Mayweather promoted the EMAX coin, and in 2022, he was involved in several NFT projects, including Bored Bunny NFTs, Floyd NFT Mayweather, Floyd’s World, and Boreholes BAD Bunny.

2021年，梅威瑟推广了EMAX币，2022年，他参与了多个NFT项目，包括Bored Bunny NFTs、Floyd NFT Mayweather、Floyd's World和Boreholes BAD Bunny。

All of these projects ultimately lost value and went to zero, leading to a loss of millions of dollars by his fans who invested in the projects.

所有这些项目最终都失去了价值并归零，导致投资这些项目的粉丝损失了数百万美元。

Meanwhile, Mayweather’s involvement in these projects has not gone unnoticed by regulatory bodies. In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued him for promoting the Centra ICO without disclosing that he was being paid to do so.

与此同时，梅威瑟参与这些项目并没有被监管机构忽视。 2018 年，美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 起诉他宣传 Centra ICO，但未透露他是否为此获得报酬。

He eventually settled the lawsuit by allegedly paying $614,000 in fines.

他最终据称支付了 614,000 美元的罚款，以了结诉讼。

The former NBA star, Shaquille O’Neal, entered the world of NFTs by co-founding Astrals, the Solana-based NFT collection. The project generated significant buzz due to Shaq’s involvement.

前 NBA 球星 Shaquille O'Neal 通过共同创立基于 Solana 的 NFT 系列 Astrals 进入 NFT 世界。由于沙克的参与，该项目引起了极大的关注。

However, things took a turn for the worse when FTX, a major cryptocurrency exchange in the US and backer of the project, collapsed.

然而，当该项目的支持者、美国主要加密货币交易所 FTX 倒闭时，情况变得更糟。

In the aftermath, Shaq reportedly abandoned the Astrals project, leaving many investors and collectors feeling betrayed. The fallout from Shaq’s alleged abandonment of the Astrals project led to a lawsuit against him in September

据报道，在此之后，沙克放弃了星界项目，让许多投资者和收藏家感到被背叛了。 Shaq 涉嫌放弃 Astrals 项目的后果导致 9 月份对他提起诉讼