拉扯地毯：險惡的現象欺騙了數百萬毫無戒心的投資者

在基本上不受監管的 web3 中，一個基於區塊鏈技術構建的去中心化互聯網生態系統，加密貨幣等數位資產是其中的一部分，出現了一種被稱為「拉扯」的險惡現象。

In the largely unregulated expanse of web3, a decentralised internet ecosystem built on blockchain technology, which digital assets like cryptocurrencies are part of, a sinister phenomenon termed rug pulling has emerged.

在基本上不受監管的 web3 中，一個基於區塊鏈技術構建的去中心化互聯網生態系統，加密貨幣等數位資產是其中的一部分，出現了一種被稱為「拉扯」的險惡現象。

This scam has already bilked unsuspecting investors out of millions of naira. But what exactly is rug pulling, and how do scammers execute these elaborate heists?

這一騙局已經讓毫無戒心的投資者損失了數百萬奈拉。但詐騙者到底是如何實施這些精心策劃的搶劫的呢？

This explainer will explore the inner workings of rug pulling and its most common forms. Understanding this scam will better equip you to protect yourself from its devastating consequences.

本解說員將探討地毯拉動的內部運作原理及其最常見的形式。了解這個騙局將使您更好地保護自己免受其毀滅性後果的影響。

WHAT DOES RUG PULLING MEAN?

拉地毯是什麼意思？

Otherwise known as a potential pump-and-dump, rug pulling is when someone artificially inflates the price of an asset through false or misleading “positive” information.

拉高拋售也被稱為潛在的拉高拋售，是指有人透過虛假或誤導性的「正面」訊息人為抬高資產價格。

In cryptocurrency, rug pulling refers to a type of scam where a developer or team creates a cryptocurrency or token, promotes it to investors, and then suddenly abandons the project, taking the invested funds with them.

在加密貨幣中，拉扯是指一種騙局，開發人員或團隊創建一種加密貨幣或代幣，將其推銷給投資者，然後突然放棄該項目，帶走投資的資金。

It largely takes a well-thought-out plan on the part of the developers and team involved to create hype around a new cryptocurrency or token through social media like X and Telegram.

透過 X 和 Telegram 等社交媒體圍繞新的加密貨幣或代幣進行炒作，很大程度上需要開發人員和團隊制定深思熟慮的計劃。

The hype usually comes with promises of unusually high returns or guaranteed profits to lure investors, requiring investors to send cryptocurrency or tokens to a specific wallet address. The promoters exploit human greed and the fear of missing out (FOMO).

炒作通常伴隨著異常高回報或保證利潤的承諾來吸引投資者，要求投資者將加密貨幣或代幣發送到特定的錢包地址。發起人利用了人類的貪婪和對錯過機會的恐懼（FOMO）。

Once enough capital is raised, the developers execute the rug pull. One way to do this is to include a token dump, where they might sell off their holdings in the token, leading to the price crashing. The promoters could abandon the project and shut down communication channels like social media, project websites, and community servers, leaving investors with no way to reach out or recover their investments.

一旦籌集到足夠的資金，開發商就會實施拉力。一種方法是進行代幣轉儲，他們可能會出售所持有的代幣，導致價格暴跌。發起人可以放棄該專案並關閉社交媒體、專案網站和社群伺服器等溝通管道，使投資者無法聯繫或收回投資。

The aftermath is that investors are usually left with worthless tokens or unable to liquidate their holdings. This not only leads to financial losses but can also erode trust in future projects.

後果是投資者通常會留下毫無價值的代幣或無法清算其持有的代幣。這不僅會導致財務損失，還會削弱對未來專案的信任。

POPULAR EXAMPLES OF RUG PULLING IN CRYPTOCURRENCIES

加密貨幣中的熱門例子

To execute a successful rug pull, the developers and the team behind the token in question normally invest in aggressive marketing, and one way this is achieved is through having a popular face to promote the project.

為了成功地進行拉動，相關代幣背後的開發人員和團隊通常會投資於積極的行銷，而實現這一目標的一種方法是透過擁有受歡迎的面孔來推廣該專案。

Celebrities like Davido, a Nigerian musician; Floyd Mayweather, a former professional boxer; and Shaquille O’Neal, an ex-NBA basketballer, have reportedly been the face of one rug pull or another.

尼日利亞音樂家達維多等名人；佛洛伊德·梅威瑟，前職業拳擊手；據報道，前 NBA 籃球運動員沙奎爾·奧尼爾 (Shaquille O'Neal) 曾是某場比賽的代言人。

In 2021, Davido promoted RapDoge, a memecoin, on his social media platforms. This promotion, also known as “shilling”, generated significant buzz and excitement among his followers.

2021 年，Davido 在他的社群媒體平台上推廣了 Memecoin RapDoge。這種促銷，也被稱為“先令”，在他的追隨者中引起了極大的轟動和興奮。

Davido’s endorsement of RapDoge was seen as a way to encourage his fans to invest in cryptocurrency. However, after promoting the coin, Davido allegedly sold his coins, potentially at a profit. This sale may have contributed to a surge in sell orders, causing the price of RapDoge to drop.

Davido 對 RapDoge 的認可被視為鼓勵粉絲投資加密貨幣的一種方式。然而，據稱達維多在推廣該硬幣後出售了他的硬幣，並可能獲利。這次銷售可能導致賣單激增，導致 RapDoge 的價格下跌。

Davido’s move was reportedly worth around $300,000. Many of Davido’s followers who had invested in RapDoge based on his endorsement may have seen the value of their investments decline significantly. Some may have even lost money, depending on when they bought in and how much they invested.

據報道，Davido 的轉會價值約為 30 萬美元。 Davido 的許多追隨者因他的認可而投資 RapDoge，但他們的投資價值可能已大幅下降。有些人甚至可能賠錢，這取決於他們何時買入以及投資了多少。

The incident sparked widespread criticism and controversy on social media, with many people accusing Davido of pumping and dumping the meme coin and taking advantage of his followers.

該事件在社交媒體上引發了廣泛的批評和爭議，許多人指責達維多炒作和拋售模因幣並利用他的追隨者。

On his part, Floyd Mayweather, the US boxer, has reportedly been involved in several questionable cryptocurrency and non-fungible token (NFT) projects.

據報道，美國拳擊手弗洛伊德·梅威瑟參與了多個可疑的加密貨幣和不可替代代幣（NFT）項目。

One notable example is the 2017 Centra ICO, which was later revealed to be a scam. Mayweather promoted the project on his social media channels, encouraging his followers to invest.

一個著名的例子是 2017 年 Centra ICO，後來被揭露是一場騙局。梅威瑟在他的社交媒體管道上宣傳該項目，並鼓勵他的追隨者投資。

In 2021, Mayweather promoted the EMAX coin, and in 2022, he was involved in several NFT projects, including Bored Bunny NFTs, Floyd NFT Mayweather, Floyd’s World, and Boreholes BAD Bunny.

2021年，梅威瑟推廣了EMAX幣，2022年，他參與了多個NFT項目，包括Bored Bunny NFTs、Floyd NFT Mayweather、Floyd's World和Boreholes BAD Bunny。

All of these projects ultimately lost value and went to zero, leading to a loss of millions of dollars by his fans who invested in the projects.

所有這些項目最終都失去了價值並歸零，導致投資這些項目的粉絲損失了數百萬美元。

Meanwhile, Mayweather’s involvement in these projects has not gone unnoticed by regulatory bodies. In 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) sued him for promoting the Centra ICO without disclosing that he was being paid to do so.

同時，梅威瑟參與這些計畫也沒有被監管機構忽視。 2018 年，美國證券交易委員會 (SEC) 起訴他宣傳 Centra ICO，但未透露是否為此獲得報酬。

He eventually settled the lawsuit by allegedly paying $614,000 in fines.

他最終據稱支付了 614,000 美元的罰款，以了結訴訟。

The former NBA star, Shaquille O’Neal, entered the world of NFTs by co-founding Astrals, the Solana-based NFT collection. The project generated significant buzz due to Shaq’s involvement.

前 NBA 球星 Shaquille O'Neal 透過共同創立基於 Solana 的 NFT 系列 Astrals 進入 NFT 世界。由於沙克的參與，該計畫引起了極大的關注。

However, things took a turn for the worse when FTX, a major cryptocurrency exchange in the US and backer of the project, collapsed.

然而，當該計畫的支持者、美國主要加密貨幣交易所 FTX 倒閉時，情況變得更糟。

In the aftermath, Shaq reportedly abandoned the Astrals project, leaving many investors and collectors feeling betrayed. The fallout from Shaq’s alleged abandonment of the Astrals project led to a lawsuit against him in September

據報道，在此之後，沙克放棄了星界項目，讓許多投資者和收藏家感到被背叛了。 Shaq 涉嫌放棄 Astrals 項目的後果導致 9 月對他提起訴訟