一个了不起的发现：荷兰本尼克附近的罗马 - 英国硬币ho积

在2023年秋天，两名金属探测者在荷兰乌得勒支省的Bunnik附近进行了一个非凡的发现。他们的发现是404枚金币和银币的ho积，直到2024年1月，荷兰的文化遗产局宣布了独特的发现，直到2024年1月，一直向公众公开。

In autumn 2023, two metal detectorists, Gert-Jan Messelaar and Reinier Koelink, made an extraordinary discovery near Bunnik, Utrecht, Netherlands. Their find, a hoard of 404 gold and silver coins, remained undisclosed to the public until the Cultural Heritage Agency announced the unique find in January 2024.

在2023年秋天，两名金属探测者Gert-Jan Messelaar和Reinier Koelink在荷兰乌特雷希特的Bunnik附近进行了非凡的发现。他们的发现是404枚金币和银币的ho积，直到文化遗产局在2024年1月宣布了独特的发现之前，仍未公开公众。

The remarkable aspect of this discovery lies in the composition of the hoard: a combination of Roman and British coins, making it a one-of-a-kind find in mainland Europe. This unusual blend of currency provides valuable insight into the interactions between the Roman Empire and Britannia during the early Roman expansion into the British Isles.

这一发现的非凡方面在于ho积的组成：罗马硬币和英国硬币的结合，使其在欧洲大陆成为一种独一无二的发现。这种不寻常的货币融合为罗马帝国和不列颠尼亚之间在罗马早期扩展到不列颠群岛时之间的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解。

The hoard consists of 42 British coins known as “staters,” dating from 5 B.C. to 43 A.D., and 362 Roman coins minted between 200 B.C. and 47 A.D. The British coins bear the inscription of Cunobeline, a British king who ruled from 9 to 43 A.D. These coins, composed of gold, silver, and copper, represent a significant piece of British history during the early Roman period. The presence of these British coins within the hoard raises intriguing questions about their acquisition by the owner. Were they acquired through trade, or were they spoils of war, taken from defeated British tribes?

ho积由42枚英国硬币组成，称为“ Staters”，其历史可追溯到公元前5到43，而362个罗马硬币在公元前200年至公元前200年之间铸造了英国硬币，英国国王的铭文是英国国王，他是9至43这些硬币由黄金，白银和铜组成，代表了罗马初期的英国历史。这些英国硬币在ho积中的存在引起了关于其所有者收购的有趣问题。他们是通过贸易获得的，还是从被击败的英国部落中获取的战争？

The Roman coins offer a fascinating glimpse into the monetary system of the Roman Empire. Among the 362 Roman coins, 72 were gold aurei, dating from 19 B.C. to 47 A.D. Two of these aurei were particularly noteworthy, showing no signs of wear and appearing to have been freshly minted when acquired. The relatively wide range of dates among the Roman coins indicates a period of accumulation, suggesting that the hoard was gathered over time rather than acquired all at once. The “youngest” Roman coins date back to the reign of Emperor Claudius, who ruled from 41 to 54 A.D.

罗马硬币对罗马帝国的货币体系有着引人入胜的瞥见。在362枚罗马硬币中，有72个是金色的金黄色，其历史可追溯到公元前19年至47年，其中两个特别值得注意，没有磨损的迹象，并且在获取时似乎已经刚出现了新鲜的铸造。罗马硬币中相对较广泛的日期表明一段时间的积累，表明ho积是随着时间的流逝而聚集的，而不是一次收集。 “最年轻的”罗马硬币可以追溯到克劳迪乌斯皇帝的统治

The unique location of the hoard, within the northern border region of the Roman Empire known as the Lower Germanic Limes, adds another layer of significance to this discovery. This limes marked the boundary between the Roman provinces of Germania Inferior and Germania Magna, and the hoard’s presence there supports the notion that this region played a crucial role in the Roman conquest of Britannia. The discovery provides tangible evidence of the movement of Roman soldiers and their interactions with the native British populations. It’s theorized that the hoard belonged to Roman soldiers returning from campaigns in Britannia, with the Roman coins representing their pay and the British coins possibly acquired as war booty.

在罗马帝国的北边界地区，ho积的独特位置被称为下部日耳曼语酸橙，为这一发现增加了另一层意义。这种酸橙标志着罗马省的日耳曼省和日耳曼尼亚·麦格纳（Germania Magna）之间的界限，而在那里的ho积的存在支持了以下观点：该地区在罗马征服不列颠尼亚的征服中发挥了至关重要的作用。这一发现提供了罗马士兵运动及其与英国土著人口的互动的切实证据。理论上，ho积属于不列颠尼亚竞选活动的罗马士兵，罗马硬币代表他们的薪水，而英国硬币可能被称为战利品。

The discovery marks not only the largest such find in the province of Utrecht but also the only known combined Roman-British coin hoard ever found in mainland Europe. While similar hoards have been discovered in the United Kingdom, this particular find represents a unique archaeological discovery in continental Europe. The combination of Roman and British coins found together in this context is unprecedented and offers invaluable insight into the dynamics between the Roman Empire and the British Isles during a period of intense conflict and cultural exchange. The find highlights the role of the Lower Germanic Limes as a crucial staging point and transit area during the Roman military campaigns in Britain.

该发现不仅标志着乌得勒支省最大的发现，而且标志着唯一在欧洲大陆发现的唯一已知的罗马 - 英国硬币ho积。尽管在英国发现了类似的ho积，但该特殊发现代表了欧洲大陆的独特考古发现。在这种情况下，在这种情况下发现的罗马硬币和英国硬币的结合是前所未有的，并在激烈的冲突和文化交流期间对罗马帝国和不列颠群岛之间的动态有着宝贵的见解。该发现突出了下部日耳曼limes作为英国罗马军事运动期间至关重要的登台点和过境区的作用。

The preservation and study of this remarkable coin hoard will undoubtedly enrich our understanding of the complex relationship between the Roman Empire and Britannia. This unique combination of Roman and British coins offers a rare opportunity to delve into the economic, military, and cultural interactions between these two distinct civilizations during a pivotal period in European history. Further research and analysis of the coins may reveal more specific details about the individual who collected them, the circumstances surrounding their acquisition, and the historical context of the hoard’s burial.

对这种非凡的硬币ho积的保存和研究无疑将丰富我们对罗马帝国与不列颠尼亚之间复杂关系的理解。罗马硬币和英国硬币的这种独特结合提供了难得的机会，可以在欧洲历史上关键时期这两个独特的文明之间进行经济，军事和文化互动。对硬币的进一步研究和分析可能会揭示有关收集它们的个人，围绕其收购的情况以及ho积埋葬的历史背景的更多具体细节。