一個了不起的發現：荷蘭本尼克附近的羅馬 - 英國硬幣ho積

在2023年秋天，兩名金屬探測者在荷蘭烏得勒支省的Bunnik附近進行了一個非凡的發現。他們的發現是404枚金幣和銀幣的ho積，直到2024年1月，荷蘭的文化遺產局宣布了獨特的發現，直到2024年1月，一直向公眾公開。

In autumn 2023, two metal detectorists, Gert-Jan Messelaar and Reinier Koelink, made an extraordinary discovery near Bunnik, Utrecht, Netherlands. Their find, a hoard of 404 gold and silver coins, remained undisclosed to the public until the Cultural Heritage Agency announced the unique find in January 2024.

在2023年秋天，兩名金屬探測者Gert-Jan Messelaar和Reinier Koelink在荷蘭烏特雷希特的Bunnik附近進行了非凡的發現。他們的發現是404枚金幣和銀幣的ho積，直到文化遺產局在2024年1月宣布了獨特的發現之前，仍未公開公眾。

The remarkable aspect of this discovery lies in the composition of the hoard: a combination of Roman and British coins, making it a one-of-a-kind find in mainland Europe. This unusual blend of currency provides valuable insight into the interactions between the Roman Empire and Britannia during the early Roman expansion into the British Isles.

這一發現的非凡方面在於ho積的組成：羅馬硬幣和英國硬幣的結合，使其在歐洲大陸成為一種獨一無二的發現。這種不尋常的貨幣融合為羅馬帝國和不列顛尼亞之間在羅馬早期擴展到不列顛群島時之間的相互作用提供了寶貴的見解。

The hoard consists of 42 British coins known as “staters,” dating from 5 B.C. to 43 A.D., and 362 Roman coins minted between 200 B.C. and 47 A.D. The British coins bear the inscription of Cunobeline, a British king who ruled from 9 to 43 A.D. These coins, composed of gold, silver, and copper, represent a significant piece of British history during the early Roman period. The presence of these British coins within the hoard raises intriguing questions about their acquisition by the owner. Were they acquired through trade, or were they spoils of war, taken from defeated British tribes?

ho積由42枚英國硬幣組成，稱為“ Staters”，其歷史可追溯到公元前5到43，而362個羅馬硬幣在公元前200年至公元前200年之間鑄造了英國硬幣，英國國王的銘文是英國國王，他是9至43這些硬幣由黃金，白銀和銅組成，代表了羅馬初期的英國歷史。這些英國硬幣在ho積中的存在引起了關於其所有者收購的有趣問題。他們是通過貿易獲得的，還是從被擊敗的英國部落中獲取的戰爭？

The Roman coins offer a fascinating glimpse into the monetary system of the Roman Empire. Among the 362 Roman coins, 72 were gold aurei, dating from 19 B.C. to 47 A.D. Two of these aurei were particularly noteworthy, showing no signs of wear and appearing to have been freshly minted when acquired. The relatively wide range of dates among the Roman coins indicates a period of accumulation, suggesting that the hoard was gathered over time rather than acquired all at once. The “youngest” Roman coins date back to the reign of Emperor Claudius, who ruled from 41 to 54 A.D.

羅馬硬幣對羅馬帝國的貨幣體係有著引人入勝的瞥見。在362枚羅馬硬幣中，有72個是金色的金黃色，其歷史可追溯到公元前19年至47年，其中兩個特別值得注意，沒有磨損的跡象，並且在獲取時似乎已經剛出現了新鮮的鑄造。羅馬硬幣中相對較廣泛的日期表明一段時間的積累，表明ho積是隨著時間的流逝而聚集的，而不是一次收集。 “最年輕的”羅馬硬幣可以追溯到克勞迪烏斯皇帝的統治

The unique location of the hoard, within the northern border region of the Roman Empire known as the Lower Germanic Limes, adds another layer of significance to this discovery. This limes marked the boundary between the Roman provinces of Germania Inferior and Germania Magna, and the hoard’s presence there supports the notion that this region played a crucial role in the Roman conquest of Britannia. The discovery provides tangible evidence of the movement of Roman soldiers and their interactions with the native British populations. It’s theorized that the hoard belonged to Roman soldiers returning from campaigns in Britannia, with the Roman coins representing their pay and the British coins possibly acquired as war booty.

在羅馬帝國的北邊界地區，ho積的獨特位置被稱為下部日耳曼語酸橙，為這一發現增加了另一層意義。這種酸橙標誌著羅馬省的日耳曼省和日耳曼尼亞·麥格納（Germania Magna）之間的界限，而在那裡的ho積的存在支持了以下觀點：該地區在羅馬征服不列顛尼亞的征服中發揮了至關重要的作用。這一發現提供了羅馬士兵運動及其與英國土著人口的互動的切實證據。理論上，ho積屬於不列顛尼亞競選活動的羅馬士兵，羅馬硬幣代表他們的薪水，而英國硬幣可能被稱為戰利品。

The discovery marks not only the largest such find in the province of Utrecht but also the only known combined Roman-British coin hoard ever found in mainland Europe. While similar hoards have been discovered in the United Kingdom, this particular find represents a unique archaeological discovery in continental Europe. The combination of Roman and British coins found together in this context is unprecedented and offers invaluable insight into the dynamics between the Roman Empire and the British Isles during a period of intense conflict and cultural exchange. The find highlights the role of the Lower Germanic Limes as a crucial staging point and transit area during the Roman military campaigns in Britain.

該發現不僅標誌著烏得勒支省最大的發現，而且標誌著唯一在歐洲大陸發現的唯一已知的羅馬 - 英國硬幣ho積。儘管在英國發現了類似的ho積，但該特殊發現代表了歐洲大陸的獨特考古發現。在這種情況下，在這種情況下發現的羅馬硬幣和英國硬幣的結合是前所未有的，並在激烈的衝突和文化交流期間對羅馬帝國和不列顛群島之間的動態有著寶貴的見解。該發現突出了下部日耳曼limes作為英國羅馬軍事運動期間至關重要的登台點和過境區的作用。

The preservation and study of this remarkable coin hoard will undoubtedly enrich our understanding of the complex relationship between the Roman Empire and Britannia. This unique combination of Roman and British coins offers a rare opportunity to delve into the economic, military, and cultural interactions between these two distinct civilizations during a pivotal period in European history. Further research and analysis of the coins may reveal more specific details about the individual who collected them, the circumstances surrounding their acquisition, and the historical context of the hoard’s burial.

對這種非凡的硬幣ho積的保存和研究無疑將豐富我們對羅馬帝國與不列顛尼亞之間複雜關係的理解。羅馬硬幣和英國硬幣的這種獨特結合提供了難得的機會，可以在歐洲歷史上關鍵時期這兩個獨特的文明之間進行經濟，軍事和文化互動。對硬幣的進一步研究和分析可能會揭示有關收集它們的個人，圍繞其收購的情況以及ho積埋葬的歷史背景的更多具體細節。