马库斯·朱尼厄斯·布鲁图斯在帮助刺杀尤利乌斯·凯撒后铸造的稀有硬币将被拍卖

这枚金币是已知仅有的 17 枚此类金币之一，其历史可以追溯到公元前 43 或 42 年，正面描绘了布鲁图斯，背面描绘了庆祝海军胜利的奖杯。

A rare gold coin minted by Marcus Junius Brutus after he helped assassinate Julius Caesar will go to auction next week. The coin, which dates to 43 or 42 B.C., is one of only 17 of its kind known to exist. It will be sold by Numismatica Genevensis SA on Dec. 9-10.

马库斯·朱尼厄斯·布鲁图斯在帮助刺杀朱利叶斯·凯撒后铸造的一枚稀有金币将于下周进行拍卖。这枚硬币的历史可以追溯到公元前 43 或 42 年，是已知现存的仅有的 17 枚此类硬币之一。它将于 12 月 9 日至 10 日由 Numismatica Genevensis SA 出售。

The coin depicts Brutus on the front and a trophy celebrating a naval victory on the back. It is an aureus, which was worth 25 denarii, or roughly a month's pay for a Roman soldier at the time.

这枚硬币的正面描绘了布鲁图斯，背面描绘了庆祝海军胜利的奖杯。这是一枚金黄色葡萄球菌，价值 25 第纳尔，大约相当于当时罗马士兵一个月的工资。

On the Ides of March in 44 B.C., Brutus and co-conspirator Gaius Cassius Longinus led dozens of men to a meeting of the Roman Senate. Their plan was to murder Caesar, as they thought his growing power threatened the Roman Republic. Caesar was stabbed 23 times, and as he lay dying, he famously chastised his close friend Brutus for his role in the plot. (Although Caesar spoke to Brutus in Greek, this interaction was later dramatized by William Shakespeare with the Latin phrase "Et tu, Brute?" which translates to "Even you, Brutus?")

公元前 44 年的三月十五日，布鲁图斯和同谋盖乌斯·卡西乌斯·朗吉努斯带领数十人参加了罗马元老院的会议。他们的计划是谋杀凯撒，因为他们认为他不断增长的权力威胁着罗马共和国。凯撒被刺了 23 刀，临死前他因密友布鲁图斯在阴谋中所扮演的角色而对其进行了严厉的惩罚。 （虽然凯撒用希腊语与布鲁图斯交谈，但威廉·莎士比亚后来用拉丁语短语“Et tu，Brute？”戏剧化了这种互动，翻译为“甚至你，布鲁图斯？”）

Although many senators and other Roman leaders participated in Caesar's assassination, the Roman people were outraged by the news. Within months, Brutus and Cassius went into exile, attempting to take over the eastern provinces, while Caesar's allies stayed in Rome.

尽管许多元老和其他罗马领导人参与了凯撒的刺杀行动，但罗马人民对此消息感到愤怒。几个月之内，布鲁图斯和卡西乌斯流亡，试图占领东部省份，而凯撒的盟友则留在罗马。

To pay his soldiers, Brutus minted coins such as the silver denarius, which was worth about a day's pay, and the gold aureus, which was equivalent to 25 denarii, or roughly a month's pay.

为了支付士兵的工资，布鲁图斯铸造了银第纳尔（大约相当于一天的工资）和金奥里亚斯（相当于 25 第纳尔，大约相当于一个月的工资）等硬币。

The disagreements between the conspirators and allies eventually forced a civil war that lasted from 43 to 42 B.C., ending when Caesar's allies defeated Brutus and Cassius at the Battle of Philippi in Greece.

阴谋者和盟友之间的分歧最终引发了一场从公元前43年持续到公元前42年的内战，以凯撒的盟友在希腊腓立比战役中击败布鲁图斯和卡西乌斯而结束。

Related: Which is rarer: Gold or diamonds?

相关：黄金和钻石哪个更稀有？

The rare gold coin going up for auction is an aureus that was struck before the Battle of Philippi and has a portrait of Brutus on the front.

即将拍卖的稀有金币是腓立比战役前铸造的金币，正面有布鲁图斯的肖像。

"The title BRVTVS IMP(erator) on the obverse refers to the military victory over the Thracian tribe of the Bessi, who opposed Brutus's control of the area in 43 BCE," Lucia Carbone, an associate curator of Roman coins at the American Numismatic Society, told Live Science in an email.

“正面的标题 BRVTVS IMP(erator) 指的是对贝西色雷斯部落的军事胜利，该部落在公元前 43 年反对布鲁图斯对该地区的控制，”美国钱币学会罗马硬币副馆长露西娅·卡博恩 (Lucia Carbone) ，在一封电子邮件中告诉《生活科学》。

The back of the coin includes two conjoined ships' prows (the forward-most part of the bow), which represent Brutus' and Cassius' naval victories in 42 B.C., Carbone said. Somewhat ironically, "the victories celebrated on this aureus were the direct cause of their final defeat in Philippi," she said, because they were stretched thin by fighting on two fronts. In addition, the back references Publius Servilius Casca Longus, one of the co-conspirators and possibly the first person to stab Caesar.

卡博恩说，硬币的背面包括两艘连体船的船头（船头的最前部），代表布鲁图斯和卡西乌斯在公元前 42 年的海军胜利。有点讽刺的是，“在这个金黄色葡萄球菌上庆祝的胜利是他们在腓立比最终失败的直接原因，”她说，因为他们在两条战线上的战斗已经捉襟见肘。此外，背面还提到了普布利乌斯·塞维利乌斯·卡斯卡·朗格斯（Publius Servilius Casca Longus），他是同谋之一，也可能是刺杀凯撒的第一人。

—Coins worth over $1 million recovered from 1715 Spanish treasure shipwrecks in Florida

—从佛罗里达州 1715 艘西班牙宝藏沉船中打捞出来的价值超过 100 万美元的硬币

—Anglo-Saxons plagiarized a Roman coin — and it's full of typos

——盎格鲁撒克逊人抄袭了一枚罗马硬币——而且充满了拼写错误

—Pot overflowing with gold coins discovered in ancient Greek city in Turkey

——土耳其古希腊城发现装满金币的罐子

One reason this coin is so rare is that only six stamp dies — two for the front and four for the back — were used to create the design, which was issued for a very short time. The coin also comes from a large and important collection of Roman coins owned by the early 20th-century Italian politician Giuseppe Mazzini, Carbone said.

这枚硬币如此罕见的原因之一是只使用了六个邮票模具（正面两个，背面四个）来创建设计，并且发行时间很短。卡博恩说，这枚硬币还来自 20 世纪初意大利政治家朱塞佩·马志尼 (Giuseppe Mazzini) 拥有的大量重要的罗马硬币收藏。

"While coin collectors have long prized coins previously owned by famous collectors or scholars, these object histories are even more critical today, in light of growing legal and ethical concerns around collecting," Liv Yarrow, a Roman historian at the City University of New York, told Live Science in an email.

纽约市立大学罗马历史学家丽芙·亚罗 (Liv Yarrow) 表示：“虽然钱币收藏家长期以来一直珍视著名收藏家或学者以前拥有的钱币，但鉴于对收藏的法律和道德担忧日益增加，这些物品的历史在今天变得更加重要。” ，在一封电子邮件中告诉《生活科学》。

This aureus was last sold in 2006

该金黄色葡萄球菌最后一次出售是在 2006 年