震惊加密世界的臭名昭著的骗局

代币交易从来都不是安全的：加密货币平台的交易者、投资者和客户始终面临欺诈、余额被盗的风险

The trading of tokens has never been safe: traders, investors, and clients of crypto platforms have always faced risks of fraud, theft of balances, or exchange bankruptcies.

代币交易从来都不是安全的：加密货币平台的交易者、投资者和客户始终面临欺诈、余额被盗或交易所破产的风险。

Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, high-profile scandals related to illegal trading operations, account hacks, and the disappearance of billions of dollars have been persistent. Yet, people continue to engage in digital assets and trading.

自2009年比特币推出以来，与非法交易操作、账户黑客攻击和数十亿美元失踪有关的备受瞩目的丑闻一直持续不断。然而，人们仍在继续参与数字资产和交易。

According to blockchain analytics company Chainalysis, the volume of crypto crime grew from moderate levels in 2018 to astronomical levels by 2022, significantly spurred by the collapse of Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX exchange.

根据区块链分析公司 Chainaanalysis 的数据，加密犯罪数量从 2018 年的中等水平增长到 2022 年的天文数字，这在很大程度上受到 Sam Bankman-Fried 的 FTX 交易所崩溃的推动。

Most crypto crimes are linked to online fraud (scams) and the activities of cybercriminal groups. However, the world of crypto crime is often intertwined not only with ordinary hackers, scammers, and malefactors but also with flamboyant and controversial personalities who challenge the “throne” of the blockchain world.

大多数加密货币犯罪都与在线欺诈（诈骗）和网络犯罪集团的活动有关。然而，加密货币犯罪世界往往不仅与普通黑客、诈骗者和不法分子交织在一起，而且还与挑战区块链世界“王座”的浮夸且有争议的人物交织在一起。

Mark Karpelès – The First “King” of Bitcoin

Mark Karpelès——比特币第一位“国王”

Type of scam: Exchange hack due to weak security system. Amount lost by users and investors: $432 million.

诈骗类型：由于安全系统薄弱而导致交易所遭到黑客攻击。用户和投资者损失金额：4.32 亿美元。

Experienced crypto traders still remember the Tokyo-based Mt.Gox exchange, which was considered the largest between 2010 and 2014. At its peak, it handled 70% of all Bitcoin transactions.

经验丰富的加密货币交易者仍然记得总部位于东京的 Mt.Gox 交易所，该交易所被认为是 2010 年至 2014 年间最大的交易所。在鼎盛时期，它处理了所有比特币交易的 70%。

The history of Mt.Gox began in 2007 when American entrepreneur Jed McCaleb registered the domain Mtgox.com, intending it to be a platform for trading Magic: The Gathering cards. This project failed but inspired McCaleb to create a Bitcoin exchange. When he saw transactions worth tens of thousands of dollars, he realised he was in over his head. In 2011, McCaleb sold the site to Mark Karpelès—a passionate programmer, crypto enthusiast, and future “king of Bitcoin,” whose star was just rising.

Mt.Gox 的历史始于 2007 年，当时美国企业家 Jed McCaleb 注册了域名 Mtgox.com，希望将其打造成万智牌卡牌交易平台。这个项目失败了，但激发了麦卡勒布创建比特币交易所的灵感。当他看到价值数万美元的交易时，他意识到自己陷入了困境。 2011 年，麦卡勒布将该网站卖给了马克·卡佩莱斯 (Mark Karpelès)，他是一位充满热情的程序员、加密货币爱好者，也是未来的“比特币之王”，他的明星刚刚冉冉升起。

Mark Karpelès

马克·卡佩莱斯

Rewriting the site’s server software, Karpelès transformed Mt.Gox into the most popular crypto exchange. However, the same year, hackers exploited security weaknesses to steal user credentials and transfer cryptocurrency. Thousands of Bitcoins disappeared from customer accounts.

Karpelès 重写了该网站的服务器软件，将 Mt.Gox 转变为最受欢迎的加密货币交易所。然而，同年，黑客利用安全漏洞窃取用户凭证并转移加密货币。数千比特币从客户账户中消失。

Karpelès’ chaotic storage of users’ cryptocurrency in various physical and software wallets made the funds vulnerable to hacker attacks.

Karpelès 将用户的加密货币混乱地存储在各种物理和软件钱包中，使得资金容易受到黑客攻击。

Unfortunately, this did not teach the Mt.Gox CEO a lesson. Due to numerous bugs and security system weaknesses, customer funds became easy prey for hackers. In February 2014, the platform detected suspicious activity in users’ digital wallets, revealing that 850,000 Bitcoins worth $450 million had disappeared.

不幸的是，这并没有给 Mt.Gox 首席执行官一个教训。由于存在大量错误和安全系统弱点，客户资金很容易成为黑客的猎物。 2014 年 2 月，该平台检测到用户数字钱包中的可疑活动，发现价值 4.5 亿美元的 85 万个比特币消失了。

Mt.Gox officially could not determine how or where the virtual coins went, with speculation pointing to Russian hackers. This incident severely shook the entire crypto market, and Karpelès’ company teetered on the brink of bankruptcy. In April 2014, it was liquidated.

Mt.Gox 官方无法确定这些虚拟货币的去向和去向，猜测是俄罗斯黑客所为。这一事件严重震动了整个加密市场，Karpelès 的公司濒临破产边缘。 2014年4月，该公司被清算。

In 2015, Japanese authorities arrested Karpelès on charges of embezzlement and misuse of customer trust. He was acquitted of most charges but convicted of data falsification. Former Mt.Gox customers met every six months from 2014-2018 in a small Tokyo courtroom to hear updates on the recovery of their funds from trustee Nobuaki Kobayashi.

2015 年，日本当局以贪污罪和滥用客户信任罪逮捕了卡佩莱斯。他的大部分指控被宣告无罪，但被判犯有数据伪造罪。从 2014 年到 2018 年，Mt.Gox 的前客户每六个月在东京一个小型法庭举行一次会议，听取受托人小林信明 (Nobuaki Kobayashi) 追回资金的最新情况。

A total of 24,750 claims were registered for about ¥45 billion ($432 million). As of July 2024, this sum stands at a staggering $45 billion. In July 2024, in a message to creditors, Kobayashi announced that the company had begun making payments to Mt.Gox users. They had waited ten years.

总共登记了 24,750 起索赔，索赔金额约为 450 亿日元（4.32 亿美元）。截至 2024 年 7 月，这一数字已达到惊人的 450 亿美元。 2024 年 7 月，小林在给债权人的一封信中宣布，该公司已开始向 Mt.Gox 用户付款。他们已经等了十年了。

Ruja Ignatova – The Crypto Queen Who Never Was

Ruja Ignatova——从未成为的加密货币女王

Type of scam: Ponzi scheme. Amount lost by investors: $4.5 billion.

诈骗类型：庞氏骗局。投资者损失金额：45亿美元。

In 2016, Ruja Ignatova appeared on the huge stage of Wembley Arena, revolutionising the world of cryptocurrencies. She looked impeccable: diamond earrings, a blood-red evening gown, and matching lipstick.

2016年，Ruja Ignatova出现在温布利体育场的巨大舞台上，彻底改变了加密货币世界。她看起来无可挑剔：钻石耳环、血红色晚礼服和相配的口红。

Ruja Ignatova

鲁贾·伊格纳托娃

Thousands of fervent supporters listened as Ignatova spoke about the inevitable demise of Bitcoin. She claimed that Bitcoin was flawed and too complicated for ordinary people to understand, so she created OneCoin, an alternative coin (altcoin) poised to change the crypto industry forever.

数千名狂热的支持者聆听伊格纳托娃谈论比特币不可避免的消亡。她声称比特币有缺陷且过于复杂，普通人无法理解，因此她创建了 OneCoin，这是一种有望永远改变加密行业的替代币（山寨币）。

Ignatova founded OneCoin in 2014, claiming it worked like other cryptocurrencies: it could be mined and used for payments. After her meteoric success at Wembley, investors from around the world began pouring money into OneCoin, reaching a total of €4 billion.

Ignatova 于 2014 年创立了 OneCoin，声称它的工作原理与其他加密货币一样：可以开采并用于支付。在她在温布利球场取得巨大成功后，来自世界各地的投资者开始向维卡币注入资金，总额达到 40 亿欧元。

OneCoin’s income peaked at €800 million in the third quarter of 2016, but that year, Ignatova’s magic began to wane. Investors increasingly realised that OneCoin had no blockchain

维卡币的收入在 2016 年第三季度达到 8 亿欧元的峰值，但那一年，伊格纳托娃的魔力开始减弱。投资者越来越意识到维卡币没有区块链