震驚加密世界的臭名昭著的騙局

代幣交易從來都不是安全的：加密貨幣平台的交易者、投資者和客戶始終面臨詐欺、餘額被盜的風險

The trading of tokens has never been safe: traders, investors, and clients of crypto platforms have always faced risks of fraud, theft of balances, or exchange bankruptcies.

代幣交易從來都不是安全的：加密貨幣平台的交易者、投資者和客戶始終面臨詐欺、餘額被盜或交易所破產的風險。

Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, high-profile scandals related to illegal trading operations, account hacks, and the disappearance of billions of dollars have been persistent. Yet, people continue to engage in digital assets and trading.

自2009年比特幣推出以來，與非法交易操作、帳戶駭客攻擊和數十億美元失蹤有關的備受矚目的醜聞一直持續不斷。然而，人們仍在繼續參與數位資產和交易。

According to blockchain analytics company Chainalysis, the volume of crypto crime grew from moderate levels in 2018 to astronomical levels by 2022, significantly spurred by the collapse of Sam Bankman-Fried’s FTX exchange.

根據區塊鏈分析公司 Chainaanalysis 的數據，加密犯罪數量從 2018 年的中等水平增長到 2022 年的天文數字，這在很大程度上受到 Sam Bankman-Fried 的 FTX 交易所崩潰的推動。

Most crypto crimes are linked to online fraud (scams) and the activities of cybercriminal groups. However, the world of crypto crime is often intertwined not only with ordinary hackers, scammers, and malefactors but also with flamboyant and controversial personalities who challenge the “throne” of the blockchain world.

大多數加密貨幣犯罪都與網路詐欺（詐騙）和網路犯罪集團的活動有關。然而，加密貨幣犯罪世界往往不僅與普通駭客、詐騙者和不法分子交織在一起，而且還與挑戰區塊鏈世界「王座」的浮誇且有爭議的人物交織在一起。

Mark Karpelès – The First “King” of Bitcoin

Mark Karpelès——比特幣第一位“國王”

Type of scam: Exchange hack due to weak security system. Amount lost by users and investors: $432 million.

詐騙類型：由於安全系統薄弱而導致交易所遭到駭客攻擊。用戶和投資者損失金額：4.32 億美元。

Experienced crypto traders still remember the Tokyo-based Mt.Gox exchange, which was considered the largest between 2010 and 2014. At its peak, it handled 70% of all Bitcoin transactions.

經驗豐富的加密貨幣交易者仍然記得總部位於東京的 Mt.Gox 交易所，該交易所被認為是 2010 年至 2014 年間最大的交易所。

The history of Mt.Gox began in 2007 when American entrepreneur Jed McCaleb registered the domain Mtgox.com, intending it to be a platform for trading Magic: The Gathering cards. This project failed but inspired McCaleb to create a Bitcoin exchange. When he saw transactions worth tens of thousands of dollars, he realised he was in over his head. In 2011, McCaleb sold the site to Mark Karpelès—a passionate programmer, crypto enthusiast, and future “king of Bitcoin,” whose star was just rising.

Mt.Gox 的歷史始於 2007 年，當時美國企業家 Jed McCaleb 註冊了網域名稱 Mtgox.com，希望將其打造成萬智牌卡牌交易平台。這個專案失敗了，但激發了麥卡勒布創建比特幣交易所的靈感。當他看到價值數萬美元的交易時，他意識到自己陷入了困境。 2011 年，麥卡勒布將該網站賣給了馬克·卡佩萊斯(Mark Karpelès)，他是一位充滿熱情的程式設計師、加密貨幣愛好者，也是未來的“比特幣之王”，他的明星剛剛冉冉升起。

Mark Karpelès

馬克·卡佩萊斯

Rewriting the site’s server software, Karpelès transformed Mt.Gox into the most popular crypto exchange. However, the same year, hackers exploited security weaknesses to steal user credentials and transfer cryptocurrency. Thousands of Bitcoins disappeared from customer accounts.

Karpelès 重寫了該網站的伺服器軟體，將 Mt.Gox 轉變為最受歡迎的加密貨幣交易所。然而，同年，駭客利用安全漏洞竊取用戶憑證並轉移加密貨幣。數千比特幣從客戶帳戶中消失。

Karpelès’ chaotic storage of users’ cryptocurrency in various physical and software wallets made the funds vulnerable to hacker attacks.

Karpelès 將用戶的加密貨幣混亂地儲存在各種實體和軟體錢包中，使得資金容易受到駭客攻擊。

Unfortunately, this did not teach the Mt.Gox CEO a lesson. Due to numerous bugs and security system weaknesses, customer funds became easy prey for hackers. In February 2014, the platform detected suspicious activity in users’ digital wallets, revealing that 850,000 Bitcoins worth $450 million had disappeared.

不幸的是，這並沒有給 Mt.Gox 執行長一個教訓。由於存在大量錯誤和安全系統弱點，客戶資金很容易成為駭客的獵物。 2014 年 2 月，該平台偵測到用戶數位錢包中的可疑活動，發現價值 4.5 億美元的 85 萬個比特幣消失了。

Mt.Gox officially could not determine how or where the virtual coins went, with speculation pointing to Russian hackers. This incident severely shook the entire crypto market, and Karpelès’ company teetered on the brink of bankruptcy. In April 2014, it was liquidated.

Mt.Gox 官員無法確定這些虛擬貨幣的去向和去向，猜測是俄羅斯駭客所為。這起事件嚴重震動了整個加密市場，Karpelès 的公司瀕臨破產邊緣。 2014年4月，該公司被清算。

In 2015, Japanese authorities arrested Karpelès on charges of embezzlement and misuse of customer trust. He was acquitted of most charges but convicted of data falsification. Former Mt.Gox customers met every six months from 2014-2018 in a small Tokyo courtroom to hear updates on the recovery of their funds from trustee Nobuaki Kobayashi.

2015 年，日本當局以貪污罪和濫用客戶信任罪逮捕了卡佩萊斯。他的大部分指控被宣告無罪，但被判犯有數據偽造罪。從 2014 年到 2018 年，Mt.Gox 的前客戶每六個月在東京一個小型法庭舉行一次會議，聽取受託人小林信明 (Nobuaki Kobayashi) 追回資金的最新情況。

A total of 24,750 claims were registered for about ¥45 billion ($432 million). As of July 2024, this sum stands at a staggering $45 billion. In July 2024, in a message to creditors, Kobayashi announced that the company had begun making payments to Mt.Gox users. They had waited ten years.

總共登記了 24,750 起索賠，索賠金額約為 450 億日元（4.32 億美元）。截至 2024 年 7 月，這一數字已達到驚人的 450 億美元。 2024 年 7 月，小林在給債權人的一封信中宣布，該公司已開始向 Mt.Gox 用戶付款。他們已經等了十年了。

Ruja Ignatova – The Crypto Queen Who Never Was

Ruja Ignatova－從未成為的加密貨幣女王

Type of scam: Ponzi scheme. Amount lost by investors: $4.5 billion.

詐騙類型：龐氏騙局。投資者損失金額：45億美元。

In 2016, Ruja Ignatova appeared on the huge stage of Wembley Arena, revolutionising the world of cryptocurrencies. She looked impeccable: diamond earrings, a blood-red evening gown, and matching lipstick.

2016年，Ruja Ignatova出現在溫布利體育場的巨大舞台上，徹底改變了加密貨幣世界。她看起來無可挑剔：鑽石耳環、血紅色晚禮服和相配的口紅。

Ruja Ignatova

魯賈·伊格納托娃

Thousands of fervent supporters listened as Ignatova spoke about the inevitable demise of Bitcoin. She claimed that Bitcoin was flawed and too complicated for ordinary people to understand, so she created OneCoin, an alternative coin (altcoin) poised to change the crypto industry forever.

數千名狂熱的支持者聆聽伊格納托娃談論比特幣不可避免的消亡。她聲稱比特幣有缺陷且過於複雜，普通人無法理解，因此她創建了 OneCoin，這是一種有望永遠改變加密行業的替代幣（山寨幣）。

Ignatova founded OneCoin in 2014, claiming it worked like other cryptocurrencies: it could be mined and used for payments. After her meteoric success at Wembley, investors from around the world began pouring money into OneCoin, reaching a total of €4 billion.

Ignatova 於 2014 年創立了 OneCoin，聲稱它的工作原理與其他加密貨幣一樣：可以開採並用於支付。在她在溫布利球場取得巨大成功後，來自世界各地的投資者開始向維卡幣注入資金，總額達到 40 億歐元。

OneCoin’s income peaked at €800 million in the third quarter of 2016, but that year, Ignatova’s magic began to wane. Investors increasingly realised that OneCoin had no blockchain

維卡幣的營收在 2016 年第三季達到 8 億歐元的峰值，但那一年，伊格納托娃的魔力開始減弱。投資人越來越意識到維卡幣沒有區塊鏈