荷兰提出新的数字货币税法案，挪威央行淡化对 CBDC 的需求

荷兰政府提出了一项新法案，改变数字资产税收框架，要求交易所和其他 VASP 与税务机关共享用户数据。

The Netherlands has proposed new legislation that will require exchanges and other virtual asset service providers (VASPs) to share their users’ data with tax authorities in a bid to stamp out tax evasion.

荷兰提出了新的立法，要求交易所和其他虚拟资产服务提供商（VASP）与税务机关共享用户数据，以杜绝逃税行为。

The move comes as part of a broader effort by the Dutch government to regulate the digital asset industry and follows a directive by the European Union that requires VASPs in its member states to report digital asset data to tax authorities.

此举是荷兰政府监管数字资产行业更广泛努力的一部分，并遵循欧盟的指令，要求其成员国的 VASP 向税务机关报告数字资产数据。

If passed, the new bill will take effect in January 2026 and will apply to all digital asset transactions, including those involving cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, and non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

如果获得通过，新法案将于 2026 年 1 月生效，并将适用于所有数字资产交易，包括涉及加密货币、稳定币和不可替代代币 (NFT) 的交易。

The Dutch Finance Ministry said in a statement that the new bill will “create more transparency about the ownership of cryptocurrencies, which can prevent tax avoidance and evasion.”

荷兰财政部在一份声明中表示，新法案将“提高加密货币所有权的透明度，从而防止避税和逃税。”

The government has called for public feedback on the bill before November 21. It plans to submit the bill to parliament in the first half of next year.

政府已呼吁公众在11月21日之前对该法案提供反馈。计划于明年上半年将该法案提交给议会。

Meanwhile, Norway, which has one of the world's most advanced financial systems, is in no rush to launch a central bank digital currency (CBDC) despite continued advances by its peers.

与此同时，拥有世界上最先进金融体系之一的挪威并不急于推出央行数字货币（CBDC），尽管其同行不断取得进展。

If it decides to venture into CBDC development, the European nation will most likely focus on a wholesale solution, the country's central bank says.

该国央行表示，如果决定冒险开发 CBDC，欧洲国家很可能会专注于批发解决方案。

Norway is among the most financially advanced countries globally, with almost all citizens having access to banking services and cashless payments being the norm.

挪威是全球金融最发达的国家之一，几乎所有公民都可以获得银行服务，无现金支付已成为常态。

Only 2% of the population made cash payments this year, according to a study by Norges Bank, the country's central bank.

根据挪威中央银行挪威银行的一项研究，今年只有 2% 的人口使用现金支付。

Unsurprisingly, Norway has downplayed the need for a CBDC, as is the case with other highly banked nations.

毫不奇怪，挪威淡化了对 CBDC 的需求，就像其他银行业高度发达的国家一样。

In a recent interview, Norges Bank Deputy Governor Pal Longva stated that despite advances by its European neighbors and peers, there’s “no urgency” in issuing a digital currency.

在最近的一次采访中，挪威央行副行长帕尔·隆瓦表示，尽管欧洲邻国和同行取得了进展，但发行数字货币“并不紧迫”。

European CBDC efforts are spearheaded at a regional level by the European Central Bank, which has been exploring a digital euro for years.

欧洲 CBDC 工作由欧洲中央银行在区域层面带头，多年来一直在探索数字欧元。

In July, the bank issued its first progress report on the preparation phase for the digital euro.

7月，该银行发布了关于数字欧元准备阶段的第一份进度报告。

At a national level, central banks and commercial lenders in Germany, France, and Italy have been conducting pilots on the digital euro.

在国家层面，德国、法国和意大利的央行和商业贷款机构一直在进行数字欧元试点。

However, despite these advances, Norges Bank appears unfazed.

然而，尽管取得了这些进展，挪威央行似乎并不担心。

“I don’t think we’re falling behind on CBDC efforts. We are in line with many central banks — we are studying complex issues and we have a lot to consider and assess, and there is no urgency as of now. On the other hand, we should be prepared to move into this space in close collaboration with other banks,” Longva told Bloomberg in an interview.

“我认为我们在 CBDC 方面的努力并没有落后。我们与许多央行保持一致——我们正在研究复杂的问题，我们有很多事情需要考虑和评估，目前还没有紧迫性。另一方面，我们应该准备好与其他银行密切合作进入这一领域。”Longva 在接受彭博社采访时表示。

Norges Bank has been pushing the Nordic nation towards a cashless future.

挪威银行一直在推动北欧国家走向无现金的未来。

However, in the past year, it has revised its no-cash campaign, recently introducing an amendment to the Central Bank Act that prohibits businesses from denying customers the right to pay in cash.

然而，在过去的一年里，它修改了无现金运动，最近引入了《中央银行法》修正案，禁止企业拒绝客户以现金支付的权利。

The bank has also cited fears over the infiltration of an all-digital payments system through cyberattacks by enemy powers.

该银行还表示担心敌方通过网络攻击渗透全数字支付系统。

However, these concerns are limited to a retail CBDC. A wholesale digital currency could introduce efficiencies and speed in interbank transactions.

然而，这些担忧仅限于零售 CBDC。批发数字货币可以提高银行间交易的效率和速度。

The deputy governor confirmed this shift to wholesale solutions, stating, “…lately there is a tendency in many central banks to put increased weight on the study of the wholesale approach, that also goes for Norway.”

副行长证实了这种向批发解决方案的转变，并表示：“……最近许多央行都倾向于加大对批发方法研究的重视，挪威也是如此。”

The move by Norway aligns with several other nations that have pivoted from a retail to a wholesale CBDC, ranging from Taiwan and England to Qatar and Italy.

挪威的举动与其他几个从零售转向批发 CBDC 的国家保持一致，包括台湾和英国、卡塔尔和意大利。

The former comes with more risks for the central banks and requires a more comprehensive shift in systems, infrastructure, and regulations.

前者给央行带来更多风险，需要在系统、基础设施和监管方面进行更全面的转变。

On the other hand, a wholesale solution is easier to implement as it's only available to banks and payment service providers.

另一方面，批发解决方案更容易实施，因为它仅适用于银行和支付服务提供商。

Norway also follows in the footsteps of neighboring Sweden, which dismissed the need for a CBDC last year despite the country's central bank conducting three phases of CBDC pilots.

挪威也追随邻国瑞典的脚步，尽管该国央行进行了三个阶段的 CBDC 试点，但瑞典去年否认了 CBDC 的必要性。