德国南部被遗忘的城堡发现中世纪游戏碎片收藏

考古学家在德国南部一座被遗忘的城堡中发现了一系列中世纪游戏部件。这些发现包括保存完好的棋子、棋子和骰子，其历史可以追溯到公元 11 世纪至 12 世纪。

Archaeologists have discovered a collection of medieval game pieces at a forgotten castle in southern Germany, including a well-preserved chessman, gaming pieces, and dice, dating from the 11th to 12th centuries AD.

考古学家在德国南部一座被遗忘的城堡中发现了一系列中世纪游戏棋子，包括保存完好的棋子、游戏棋子和骰子，其历史可以追溯到公元 11 世纪至 12 世纪。

Chess arrived in Europe over a thousand years ago from the East. However, chess pieces from the game's early years are exceptionally rare.

国际象棋一千多年前从东方传入欧洲。然而，早期的棋子却极为罕见。

An exquisitely preserved knight piece was uncovered during archaeological excavations at a forgotten castle in southern Germany. The find forms part of a unique games collection, which also includes other gaming pieces and dice.

在德国南部一座被遗忘的城堡的考古发掘中，发现了一件保存精美的骑士碎片。该发现构成了独特游戏系列的一部分，其中还包括其他游戏部件和骰子。

This evidence of early gaming culture is currently being analyzed by an international team of experts from the German Archaeological Institute (DAI), the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Baden-Württemberg (LAD), and the University of Tübingen.

来自德国考古研究所 (DAI)、巴登-符腾堡州国家古迹保护办公室 (LAD) 和蒂宾根大学的国际专家团队目前正在分析这一早期游戏文化的证据。

Laboratory analyses of color residues show that one of the parties played with red pieces. Typical use wear traces indicate that the knight was lifted as it is today during a move, pointing to an astonishing continuity in the rules of the game.

实验室对颜色残留物的分析表明，其中一方玩的是红色棋子。典型的使用磨损痕迹表明，骑士在移动过程中像今天一样被举起，这表明游戏规则具有惊人的连续性。

Well-preserved archaeological finds of chess pieces and game pieces for other board games from before the 13th century are very rare in Central Europe.

保存完好的 13 世纪之前的棋子和其他棋盘游戏棋子的考古发现在中欧非常罕见。

"In the Middle Ages, chess was one of the seven skills that a good knight should master. It is therefore not surprising that known finds mostly come from castles," explained Dr. Jonathan Scheschkewitz (LAD).

“在中世纪，国际象棋是一名优秀骑士应该掌握的七项技能之一。因此，已知的发现大多来自城堡也就不足为奇了，”乔纳森·舍施科维茨博士（LAD）解释说。

"The discovery of an entire games collection the 11th/12th century came as a complete surprise to us, and the horse-shaped knight piece is a real highlight," said Dr. Lukas Werther (DAI).

“发现整个 11/12 世纪的游戏收藏让我们感到非常惊讶，而马形骑士棋子是一个真正的亮点，”卢卡斯·维特 (Lukas Werther) 博士 (DAI) 说道。

The discoveries were made at an unknown castle in the southern German state of Baden-Württemberg's Reutlingen district during excavations for the German Research Foundation's (DFG) special research area 1070 Resource Cultures and the LAD.

这些发现是在德国研究基金会 (DFG) 1070 资源文化特别研究区和 LAD 的发掘过程中，在德国南部巴登-符腾堡州罗伊特林根区一座不知名的城堡中发现的。

"They were lying under the debris of a wall where they were lost or hidden in the Middle Ages," said Dr. Michael Kienzle (University of Tübingen). The coverage contributed to the exceptionally well-preserved surfaces of the finds. "Under the microscope, a typical sheen from holding and moving the pieces can be seen," explained Dr. Flavia Venditti (University of Tübingen).

“它们躺在中世纪时期丢失或隐藏的墙体废墟下，”图宾根大学的迈克尔·基恩茨勒博士说。这种覆盖使得这些发现的表面保存得异常完好。 “在显微镜下，可以看到因握持和移动碎片而产生的典型光泽，”Flavia Venditti 博士（图宾根大学）解释道。

In addition to the chess piece, four flower-shaped game pieces were found, as well as a dice with six eyes. They were carved from antlers.

除了棋子外，还发现了四个花形游戏棋子，以及一个六眼骰子。它们是用鹿角雕刻而成的。

The eyes and mane of the 4 cm high horse figure are vividly shaped. This elaborate design is typical of particularly high-quality chess pieces from this period. The red paint residues found on the flower-shaped pieces are currently being chemically analyzed.

4厘米高的马像的眼睛和鬃毛造型生动。这种精心设计是这一时期特别高质量的国际象棋棋子的典型特征。目前正在对花形碎片上发现的红色油漆残留物进行化学分析。

The researchers hope to learn more about the origins of European chess and the gaming world of the medieval nobility by closely examining the finds.

研究人员希望通过仔细研究这些发现，更多地了解欧洲国际象棋的起源和中世纪贵族的游戏世界。

The findings will be presented to the public for the first time at the Great State Exhibition "THE hidden LÄND" (Stuttgart, starting September 13, 2024) and at the Special Exhibition "Unearthed! Knights and Castles in the Echaz Valley" (Pfullingen, starting June 15, 2024).

这些发现将在伟大的国家展览“隐藏的土地”（斯图加特，2024 年 9 月 13 日开始）和特别展览“出土！埃查兹山谷的骑士和城堡”（普富林根，从 2024 年 6 月 15 日开始）。