德國南部被遺忘的城堡發現中世紀遊戲碎片收藏

考古學家在德國南部一座被遺忘的城堡中發現了一系列中世紀遊戲零件。這些發現包括保存完好的棋子、棋子和骰子，其歷史可以追溯到公元 11 世紀至 12 世紀。

Archaeologists have discovered a collection of medieval game pieces at a forgotten castle in southern Germany, including a well-preserved chessman, gaming pieces, and dice, dating from the 11th to 12th centuries AD.

考古學家在德國南部一座被遺忘的城堡中發現了一系列中世紀遊戲棋子，包括保存完好的棋子、遊戲棋子和骰子，其歷史可以追溯到公元 11 世紀至 12 世紀。

Chess arrived in Europe over a thousand years ago from the East. However, chess pieces from the game's early years are exceptionally rare.

西洋棋一千多年前從東方傳入歐洲。然而，早期的棋子卻極為罕見。

An exquisitely preserved knight piece was uncovered during archaeological excavations at a forgotten castle in southern Germany. The find forms part of a unique games collection, which also includes other gaming pieces and dice.

在德國南部一座被遺忘的城堡的考古發掘中，發現了一件保存精美的騎士碎片。這項發現構成了獨特遊戲系列的一部分，其中還包括其他遊戲部件和骰子。

This evidence of early gaming culture is currently being analyzed by an international team of experts from the German Archaeological Institute (DAI), the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Baden-Württemberg (LAD), and the University of Tübingen.

來自德國考古研究所 (DAI)、巴登-符騰堡州國家古蹟保護辦公室 (LAD) 和蒂賓根大學的國際專家團隊目前正在分析這個早期遊戲文化的證據。

Laboratory analyses of color residues show that one of the parties played with red pieces. Typical use wear traces indicate that the knight was lifted as it is today during a move, pointing to an astonishing continuity in the rules of the game.

實驗室對顏色殘留物的分析表明，其中一方玩的是紅色棋子。典型的使用磨損痕跡表明，騎士在移動過程中像今天一樣被舉起，這表明遊戲規則具有驚人的連續性。

Well-preserved archaeological finds of chess pieces and game pieces for other board games from before the 13th century are very rare in Central Europe.

保存完好的 13 世紀以前的棋子和其他棋盤遊戲棋子的考古發現在中歐非常罕見。

"In the Middle Ages, chess was one of the seven skills that a good knight should master. It is therefore not surprising that known finds mostly come from castles," explained Dr. Jonathan Scheschkewitz (LAD).

「在中世紀，國際象棋是一名優秀騎士應該掌握的七項技能之一。因此，已知的發現大多來自城堡也就不足為奇了，」喬納森·舍施科維茨博士（LAD）解釋說。

"The discovery of an entire games collection the 11th/12th century came as a complete surprise to us, and the horse-shaped knight piece is a real highlight," said Dr. Lukas Werther (DAI).

「發現整個 11/12 世紀的遊戲收藏讓我們感到非常驚訝，而馬形騎士棋子是一個真正的亮點，」盧卡斯·維特 (Lukas Werther) 博士 (DAI) 說道。

The discoveries were made at an unknown castle in the southern German state of Baden-Württemberg's Reutlingen district during excavations for the German Research Foundation's (DFG) special research area 1070 Resource Cultures and the LAD.

這些發現是在德國研究基金會 (DFG) 1070 資源文化特別研究區和 LAD 的發掘過程中，在德國南部巴登-符騰堡州羅伊特林根區一座不知名的城堡中發現的。

"They were lying under the debris of a wall where they were lost or hidden in the Middle Ages," said Dr. Michael Kienzle (University of Tübingen). The coverage contributed to the exceptionally well-preserved surfaces of the finds. "Under the microscope, a typical sheen from holding and moving the pieces can be seen," explained Dr. Flavia Venditti (University of Tübingen).

「它們躺在中世紀時期丟失或隱藏的牆體廢墟下，」圖賓根大學的邁克爾·基恩茨勒博士說。這種覆蓋使得這些發現的表面保存得異常完好。 「在顯微鏡下，可以看到因握持和移動碎片而產生的典型光澤，」Flavia Venditti 博士（蒂賓根大學）解釋道。

In addition to the chess piece, four flower-shaped game pieces were found, as well as a dice with six eyes. They were carved from antlers.

除了棋子外，還發現了四個花形遊戲棋子，以及一個六眼骰子。它們是用鹿角雕刻而成的。

The eyes and mane of the 4 cm high horse figure are vividly shaped. This elaborate design is typical of particularly high-quality chess pieces from this period. The red paint residues found on the flower-shaped pieces are currently being chemically analyzed.

4公分高的馬像的眼睛和鬃毛造型生動。這種精心設計是這段時期特別高品質的西洋棋棋子的典型特徵。目前正在對花形碎片上發現的紅色油漆殘留物進行化學分析。

The researchers hope to learn more about the origins of European chess and the gaming world of the medieval nobility by closely examining the finds.

研究人員希望透過仔細研究這些發現，更了解歐洲國際象棋的起源和中世紀貴族的遊戲世界。

The findings will be presented to the public for the first time at the Great State Exhibition "THE hidden LÄND" (Stuttgart, starting September 13, 2024) and at the Special Exhibition "Unearthed! Knights and Castles in the Echaz Valley" (Pfullingen, starting June 15, 2024).

這些發現將在偉大的國家展覽“隱藏的土地”（斯圖加特，2024 年 9 月 13 日開始）和特別展覽“出土！埃查茲山谷的騎士和城堡”（普富林根，從2024 年6 月15 日開始）。