孟加拉国出土的贵霜硬币揭示了被遗忘的帝国的疆域

本文调查了孟加拉国贵霜硬币的存在，揭示了贵霜帝国与该地区之间潜在的相互作用。作者分析了五枚库朱拉·卡德菲斯 (Kujula Kadphises) 的铜币和十七枚维玛·卡德菲斯 (Vima Kadphises) 的硬币，以及印有卡尼什卡 (Kanishka) 和胡维斯卡 (Huviska) 的硬币，检查了它们的图像和铭文。尽管在不可分割的孟加拉没有贵霜族的统治，但帝国与该地区之间的联系仍然是进一步研究的一个有趣的话题，贸易和其他因素可能是硬币存在的解释。

Archaeological Discovery Sheds Light on Kushan Empire's Presence in Bangladesh

考古发现揭示了贵霜帝国在孟加拉国的存在

Dhaka, Bangladesh - A groundbreaking research paper by renowned archaeologist Professor Bulbul Ahmed and his colleague Mohammad Abu Al Hasan of Jahangirnagar University, titled "Kushan Coins From Bangladesh: A Preliminary Study," has illuminated the previously unknown connection between the Kushan Empire and the ancient region of Bangladesh.

孟加拉国达卡 - 贾汉吉尔讷格尔大学著名考古学家布尔布尔·艾哈迈德教授和他的同事穆罕默德·阿布·阿尔·哈桑发表了一篇开创性的研究论文，题为“来自孟加拉国的贵霜硬币：初步研究”，阐明了贵霜帝国与古代古代之间以前未知的联系。孟加拉国地区。

The Kushan Empire, a nomadic tribe originating from China, established a vast domain that encompassed Central Asia and northern India from roughly 135 BCE to the 3rd century CE. Under the leadership of its founder, Kujula Kadphises, the empire extended from the Aral Sea to Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and as far east as Benaras and Sanchi in northern India.

贵霜帝国是一个起源于中国的游牧部落，大约从公元前 135 年到公元 3 世纪建立了涵盖中亚和印度北部的广阔领土。在其创始人库朱拉·卡德菲塞斯 (Kujula Kadphises) 的领导下，帝国从咸海延伸至阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦、巴基斯坦，东至印度北部的贝纳拉斯和桑吉。

Numismatic Evidence of Kushan Influence

贵霜影响的钱币证据

The discovery of numerous Kushan coins in Bangladesh, specifically within the districts of Cumilla and Bogura, provides tangible evidence of the empire's presence in the region. Excavations have yielded five copper coins bearing the effigy of Emperor Kujula Kadphises, 17 coins depicting Emperor Vima Kadphises, and an array of gold, silver, and copper coins featuring Emperors Kanishka and Huviska.

在孟加拉国，特别是在库米拉和博古拉地区发现了大量贵霜钱币，为该帝国在该地区的存在提供了切实的证据。挖掘工作中发现了 5 枚印有库朱拉·卡德菲塞斯皇帝肖像的铜币、17 枚描绘了维玛·卡德菲塞斯皇帝的硬币，以及一系列印有卡尼什卡皇帝和胡维斯卡皇帝头像的金币、银币和铜币。

These coins are adorned with intricate engravings showcasing the emperors in various regal poses and adorned with symbols of sovereignty. The presence of Greek, Zoroastrian, Iranian, and Indian deities on these coins further underscores the empire's cultural diversity and influence. Notably, the inscriptions on the coins are rendered in Greek, Brahmi, and Kharosthi scripts, with the text written vertically, a departure from the left-to-right orientation of the Bengali alphabet.

这些硬币上饰有复杂的雕刻，展示了皇帝的各种富丽堂皇的姿势，并饰有主权的象征。这些硬币上的希腊、琐罗亚斯德教、伊朗和印度神灵的出现进一步凸显了帝国的文化多样性和影响力。值得注意的是，硬币上的铭文采用希腊文、婆罗米文和卡罗斯提文书写，文字垂直书写，与孟加拉字母从左到右的方向不同。

Historical Context and Trade Connections

历史背景和贸易联系

While the full extent of the Kushan Empire's interaction with Bengal remains a subject of scholarly exploration, researchers hypothesize that trade may have played a significant role. The discovery of Kushan coins in Bangladesh suggests commercial exchanges between the empire and the inhabitants of the region.

虽然贵霜帝国与孟加拉的全面互动仍然是学术探索的主题，但研究人员假设贸易可能发挥了重要作用。在孟加拉国发现贵霜钱币表明了帝国与该地区居民之间的商业交流。

The precise political landscape of Cumilla and Mahasthangarh, two major sites where the coins were unearthed, during the Kushan era is yet to be fully elucidated. However, historical records indicate that the region was a flourishing center of commerce and cultural exchange in pre-Islamic times.

库米拉（Cumilla）和马哈斯坦加尔（Mahasthangarh）是贵霜时代硬币的两个主要出土地点，其确切的政治格局尚未完全阐明。然而，历史记录表明，该地区在前伊斯兰时代是繁荣的商业和文化交流中心。

Ancient Numismatics in Bengal

孟加拉的古代钱币学

The history of coinage in Bengal extends far beyond the Kushan period. As early as the 8th century AD, independent ruler Shashanka of Gaud issued gold coins. Following a period of political instability known as the Matsyanyayam, the Pala dynasty (750-1161 AD) established a stable and prosperous reign in Bengal. Their successors, the Sena dynasty, continued this tradition of monetary issuance.

孟加拉造币的历史远远超出了贵霜时期。早在公元8世纪，独立统治者高德的沙尚卡就发行了金币。经过一段被称为“Matsyanayam”的政治不稳定时期后，帕拉王朝（公元 750-1161 年）在孟加拉建立了稳定和繁荣的统治。他们的继承者塞纳王朝延续了这种货币发行的传统。

Significance of the Discovery

这一发现的意义

The discovery of Kushan coins in Bangladesh not only enriches our understanding of the region's ancient history but also opens up new avenues for research. It prompts further inquiry into the nature of Kushan-Bengal interactions, the extent of their influence, and the broader context of trade and cultural exchange in the ancient world.

在孟加拉国发现贵霜钱币不仅丰富了我们对该地区古代历史的了解，而且开辟了新的研究途径。它促使人们进一步探究贵霜-孟加拉相互作用的性质、影响范围以及古代世界贸易和文化交流的更广泛背景。

As Professor Ahmed and his team continue their investigations, the study of Kushan coins promises to shed further light on the complex tapestry of civilizations that have shaped the history of Bangladesh and the Indian subcontinent.

随着艾哈迈德教授和他的团队继续调查，对贵霜硬币的研究有望进一步揭示塑造孟加拉国和印度次大陆历史的复杂文明挂毯。