孟加拉出土的貴霜硬幣揭示了被遺忘的帝國的疆域

本文調查了孟加拉國貴霜硬幣的存在，揭示了貴霜帝國與該地區之間潛在的相互作用。作者分析了五枚庫朱拉·卡德菲斯(Kujula Kadphises) 的銅幣和十七枚維瑪·卡德菲斯(Vima Kadphises) 的硬幣，以及印有卡尼什卡(Kanishka) 和胡維斯卡(Huviska) 的硬幣，檢查了它們的圖像和銘文。儘管在不可分割的孟加拉沒有貴霜族的統治，但帝國與該地區之間的聯繫仍然是進一步研究的一個有趣的話題，貿易和其他因素可能是硬幣存在的解釋。

Archaeological Discovery Sheds Light on Kushan Empire's Presence in Bangladesh

考古發現揭示了貴霜帝國在孟加拉的存在

Dhaka, Bangladesh - A groundbreaking research paper by renowned archaeologist Professor Bulbul Ahmed and his colleague Mohammad Abu Al Hasan of Jahangirnagar University, titled "Kushan Coins From Bangladesh: A Preliminary Study," has illuminated the previously unknown connection between the Kushan Empire and the ancient region of Bangladesh.

孟加拉國達卡- 賈漢吉爾訥格爾大學著名考古學家布爾布爾·艾哈邁德教授和他的同事穆罕默德·阿布·阿爾·哈桑發表了一篇開創性的研究論文，題為“來自孟加拉的貴霜硬幣：初步研究”，闡明了貴霜帝國與古代古代之間以前未知的聯繫。孟加拉國地區。

The Kushan Empire, a nomadic tribe originating from China, established a vast domain that encompassed Central Asia and northern India from roughly 135 BCE to the 3rd century CE. Under the leadership of its founder, Kujula Kadphises, the empire extended from the Aral Sea to Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, and as far east as Benaras and Sanchi in northern India.

貴霜帝國是一個起源於中國的遊牧部落，大約從公元前 135 年到公元 3 世紀建立了涵蓋中亞和印度北部的廣闊領土。在其創始人庫朱拉·卡德菲塞斯 (Kujula Kadphises) 的領導下，帝國從鹹海延伸至阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦、巴基斯坦，東至印度北部的貝納拉斯和桑吉。

Numismatic Evidence of Kushan Influence

貴霜影響的錢幣證據

The discovery of numerous Kushan coins in Bangladesh, specifically within the districts of Cumilla and Bogura, provides tangible evidence of the empire's presence in the region. Excavations have yielded five copper coins bearing the effigy of Emperor Kujula Kadphises, 17 coins depicting Emperor Vima Kadphises, and an array of gold, silver, and copper coins featuring Emperors Kanishka and Huviska.

在孟加拉國，特別是在庫米拉和博古拉地區發現了大量貴霜錢幣，為該帝國在該地區的存在提供了切實的證據。挖掘工作中發現了5 枚印有庫朱拉·卡德菲塞斯皇帝肖像的銅幣、17 枚描繪了維瑪·卡德菲塞斯皇帝的硬幣，以及一系列印有卡尼什卡皇帝和胡維斯卡皇帝頭像的金幣、銀幣和銅幣。

These coins are adorned with intricate engravings showcasing the emperors in various regal poses and adorned with symbols of sovereignty. The presence of Greek, Zoroastrian, Iranian, and Indian deities on these coins further underscores the empire's cultural diversity and influence. Notably, the inscriptions on the coins are rendered in Greek, Brahmi, and Kharosthi scripts, with the text written vertically, a departure from the left-to-right orientation of the Bengali alphabet.

這些硬幣上飾有複雜的雕刻，展示了皇帝的各種富麗堂皇的姿勢，並飾有主權的象徵。這些硬幣上的希臘、瑣羅亞斯德教、伊朗和印度神靈的出現進一步凸顯了帝國的文化多樣性和影響力。值得注意的是，硬幣上的銘文採用希臘文、婆羅米文和卡羅斯提文書寫，文字垂直書寫，與孟加拉字母從左到右的方向不同。

Historical Context and Trade Connections

歷史背景和貿易聯繫

While the full extent of the Kushan Empire's interaction with Bengal remains a subject of scholarly exploration, researchers hypothesize that trade may have played a significant role. The discovery of Kushan coins in Bangladesh suggests commercial exchanges between the empire and the inhabitants of the region.

雖然貴霜帝國與孟加拉的全面互動仍然是學術探索的主題，但研究人員假設貿易可能發揮了重要作用。在孟加拉發現貴霜錢幣顯示了帝國與該地區居民之間的商業交流。

The precise political landscape of Cumilla and Mahasthangarh, two major sites where the coins were unearthed, during the Kushan era is yet to be fully elucidated. However, historical records indicate that the region was a flourishing center of commerce and cultural exchange in pre-Islamic times.

庫米拉（Cumilla）和馬哈斯坦加爾（Mahasthangarh）是貴霜時代硬幣的兩個主要出土地點，其確切的政治格局尚未完全闡明。然而，歷史記錄表明，該地區在前伊斯蘭時代是繁榮的商業和文化交流中心。

Ancient Numismatics in Bengal

孟加拉的古代錢幣學

The history of coinage in Bengal extends far beyond the Kushan period. As early as the 8th century AD, independent ruler Shashanka of Gaud issued gold coins. Following a period of political instability known as the Matsyanyayam, the Pala dynasty (750-1161 AD) established a stable and prosperous reign in Bengal. Their successors, the Sena dynasty, continued this tradition of monetary issuance.

孟加拉造幣的歷史遠遠超出了貴霜時期。早在西元8世紀，獨立統治者高德的沙尚卡就發行了金幣。經過一段被稱為「Matsyanayam」的政治不穩定時期後，帕拉王朝（公元 750-1161 年）在孟加拉建立了穩定和繁榮的統治。他們的繼承者塞納王朝延續了這種貨幣發行的傳統。

Significance of the Discovery

這項發現的意義

The discovery of Kushan coins in Bangladesh not only enriches our understanding of the region's ancient history but also opens up new avenues for research. It prompts further inquiry into the nature of Kushan-Bengal interactions, the extent of their influence, and the broader context of trade and cultural exchange in the ancient world.

在孟加拉發現貴霜錢幣不僅豐富了我們對該地區古代歷史的了解，而且開闢了新的研究途徑。它促使人們進一步探討貴霜-孟加拉相互作用的性質、影響範圍以及古代世界貿易和文化交流的更廣泛背景。

As Professor Ahmed and his team continue their investigations, the study of Kushan coins promises to shed further light on the complex tapestry of civilizations that have shaped the history of Bangladesh and the Indian subcontinent.

隨著艾哈邁德教授和他的團隊繼續調查，對貴霜硬幣的研究有望進一步揭示塑造孟加拉和印度次大陸歷史的複雜文明掛毯。