印度央行试验数字卢比的新用例，但尚未确定完整的启动日期

印度储备银行（RBI）正在全力推进新的央行数字货币（CBDC）用例，但尚未设定全面实施的目标日期

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is experimenting with various use cases for the central bank digital currency (CBDC) but has not set any target date for its full-fledged launch.

印度储备银行（RBI）正在试验中央银行数字货币（CBDC）的各种用例，但尚未为其全面推出设定任何目标日期。

The RBI started its first digital rupee pilot in the wholesale segment two years ago on November 1, 2022, while the retail digital rupee pilot began on December 1, 2022.

印度储备银行于两年前的 2022 年 11 月 1 日在批发领域启动了第一个数字卢比试点，而零售数字卢比试点则于 2022 年 12 月 1 日开始。

“We never intended that from day one we will go for a nationwide roll out or anything like that because, after all, we are dealing with currency. The safety, security and the robustness of the design and the security aspect is very important. It (CBDC) has got other implications for monetary policy (and) for the larger economy,” RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said at the Business Standard – BFSI Insight Summit.

“我们从未打算从第一天起就在全国范围内推广或类似的事情，因为毕竟我们正在处理货币。设计的安全性、保密性和鲁棒性以及安全性方面非常重要。印度储备银行行长 Shaktikanta Das 在商业标准 - BFSI 洞察峰会上表示，它（CBDC）对货币政策（和）对更大的经济体还有其他影响。

“There are learnings every day with regard to design features, with regard to the possible use cases. So we are on a learning curve. We are in no great hurry, there’s no target date. We are experimenting with it (CBDC),” Das added.

“每天都有关于设计功能和可能的用例的学习。所以我们正处于学习曲线上。我们并不着急，没有目标日期。我们正在试验它（CBDC），”达斯补充道。

The central bank governor pointed out that new use cases for the e-rupee “are coming up every day.”

央行行长指出，电子卢比的新用例“每天都在出现”。

For instance, Indian lenders are experimenting with providing credit in CBDC to tenant farmers without a land title or a formal registration of the tenancy agreement.

例如，印度贷款机构正在尝试向没有土地所有权或没有正式登记租赁协议的佃农提供 CBDC 信贷。

Some banks have been providing programmed CBDC loans to tenant farmers so that they can be used for a specific purpose, such as buying fertilizers. In these cases, the CBDC can only be encashed and utilized in a fertilizer depot; it cannot be used elsewhere, Das explained.

一些银行一直在向佃农提供计划好的 CBDC 贷款，以便将其用于特定目的，例如购买化肥。在这些情况下，CBDC 只能在化肥库中兑现和使用；达斯解释说，它不能在其他地方使用。

Das said the e-rupee is also being utilized to connect purpose-bound money with generating agricultural carbon credits.

达斯表示，电子卢比还被用来将专用资金与产生农业碳信用额联系起来。

For instance, banks can impose restrictions on the use of the money, ensuring it is only spent on specific items like fertilizers or other raw materials.

例如，银行可以对资金的使用施加限制，确保资金仅用于特定项目，如化肥或其他原材料。

“Corporates are also giving CBDCs to their employees instead of giving them lunch vouchers. So there are many use cases which are coming up,” Das said.

“企业还向员工提供 CBDC，而不是向他们提供午餐券。因此，将会出现许多用例，”达斯说。

The Indian state of Odisha has launched the Subhadra Yojana, a direct transfer program for women, making it the first government initiative to utilize CBDC.

印度奥里萨邦启动了 Subhadra Yojana，这是一项针对女性的直接转移计划，使其成为第一个利用 CBDC 的政府举措。

Under the scheme, beneficiaries receive Rs 10,000 ($118) annually in digital rupees, which can be used through UPI QR codes or transferred to bank accounts. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an instant real-time payment system that facilitates inter-bank transactions through mobile phones.

根据该计划，受益人每年收到 10,000 卢比（118 美元）的数字卢比，可以通过 UPI 二维码使用或转入银行账户。统一支付接口（UPI）是一种即时实时支付系统，方便通过手机进行银行间交易。

“CBDC is, therefore, in an experimentation stage in India. Internationally, there is greater expectation about CBDC, so we have made CBDC interoperable with UPI. I think CBDC will facilitate cross-border payments in a much more efficient and cost-effective manner than anything else. I think CBDC can coexist with UPI; I think both can complement each other; both can coexist,” Das said.

“因此，CBDC 在印度处于试验阶段。国际上对CBDC的期待比较大，所以我们让CBDC和UPI实现了互操作。我认为 CBDC 将以比其他任何方式都更高效、更具成本效益的方式促进跨境支付。我认为CBDC可以与UPI共存；我认为两者可以相辅相成；两者可以共存，”达斯说。

India’s UPI has emerged as the most preferred method of retail payments, with a 79.6% share in total volumes of retail payments made in 2023-24, according to a RBI report.

印度央行的一份报告显示，印度的 UPI 已成为最受欢迎的零售支付方式，占 2023-24 年零售支付总量的 79.6%。

The UPI has seen a tenfold increase in volume over the past four years, from 12.5 billion transactions in 2019-20 to 131 billion transactions in 2023-24, or 80% of all digital payment volumes.

过去四年，UPI 的交易量增长了十倍，从 2019-20 年的 125 亿笔交易增加到 2023-24 年的 1310 亿笔交易，占所有数字支付量的 80%。

Earlier, the RBI said it is looking to enable additional functionalities of programmability and offline capability in CBDC retail payments.

早些时候，印度央行表示，正在寻求在 CBDC 零售支付中启用额外的可编程性和离线功能。

While programmability is expected to facilitate transactions for specific and targeted purposes, offline functionality will allow transactions in areas with poor or limited internet connectivity.

虽然可编程性有望促进特定和有针对性的目的的交易，但离线功能将允许在互联网连接较差或有限的地区进行交易。

The central bank also announced plans to make its e-rupee accessible to more retail users by including non-bank payment system operators to offer CBDC wallets.

央行还宣布计划通过让非银行支付系统运营商提供 CBDC 钱包，让更多零售用户可以使用其电子卢比。

The move is expected to test how resilient India’s CBDC platform is in handling multi-channel transactions.

此举预计将测试印度 CBDC 平台在处理多渠道交易方面的弹性。