印度央行試驗數位盧比的新用例，但尚未確定完整的啟動日期

印度儲備銀行（RBI）正在全力推動新的央行數位貨幣（CBDC）用例，但尚未設定全面實施的目標日期

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is experimenting with various use cases for the central bank digital currency (CBDC) but has not set any target date for its full-fledged launch.

印度儲備銀行（RBI）正在試驗中央銀行數位貨幣（CBDC）的各種用例，但尚未為其全面推出設定任何目標日期。

The RBI started its first digital rupee pilot in the wholesale segment two years ago on November 1, 2022, while the retail digital rupee pilot began on December 1, 2022.

印度儲備銀行於兩年前的 2022 年 11 月 1 日在批發領域啟動了第一個數位盧比試點，而零售數位盧比試點於 2022 年 12 月 1 日開始。

“We never intended that from day one we will go for a nationwide roll out or anything like that because, after all, we are dealing with currency. The safety, security and the robustness of the design and the security aspect is very important. It (CBDC) has got other implications for monetary policy (and) for the larger economy,” RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said at the Business Standard – BFSI Insight Summit.

「我們從未打算從第一天起就在全國範圍內推廣或類似的事情，因為畢竟我們正在處理貨幣。設計的安全性、保密性和穩健性以及安全性方面非常重要。印度儲備銀行行長 Shaktikanta Das 在商業標準 - BFSI 洞察峰會上表示，它（CBDC）對貨幣政策（和）對更大的經濟體還有其他影響。

“There are learnings every day with regard to design features, with regard to the possible use cases. So we are on a learning curve. We are in no great hurry, there’s no target date. We are experimenting with it (CBDC),” Das added.

「每天都有關於設計功能和可能的用例的學習。所以我們正處於學習曲線上。我們並不著急，沒有目標日期。我們正在試驗它（CBDC），」達斯補充道。

The central bank governor pointed out that new use cases for the e-rupee “are coming up every day.”

央行行長指出，電子盧比的新用例「每天都在出現」。

For instance, Indian lenders are experimenting with providing credit in CBDC to tenant farmers without a land title or a formal registration of the tenancy agreement.

例如，印度貸款機構正在嘗試向沒有土地所有權或沒有正式登記租賃協議的佃農提供 CBDC 信貸。

Some banks have been providing programmed CBDC loans to tenant farmers so that they can be used for a specific purpose, such as buying fertilizers. In these cases, the CBDC can only be encashed and utilized in a fertilizer depot; it cannot be used elsewhere, Das explained.

一些銀行一直在向佃農提供計劃好的 CBDC 貸款，以便將其用於特定目的，例如購買化肥。在這些情況下，CBDC 只能在化肥庫中兌現和使用；達斯解釋說，它不能在其他地方使用。

Das said the e-rupee is also being utilized to connect purpose-bound money with generating agricultural carbon credits.

達斯表示，電子盧比也被用來將專用資金與產生農業碳信用額聯繫起來。

For instance, banks can impose restrictions on the use of the money, ensuring it is only spent on specific items like fertilizers or other raw materials.

例如，銀行可以對資金的使用施加限制，確保資金僅用於特定項目，例如化學肥料或其他原材料。

“Corporates are also giving CBDCs to their employees instead of giving them lunch vouchers. So there are many use cases which are coming up,” Das said.

「企業也向員工提供 CBDC，而不是向他們提供午餐券。因此，將會出現許多用例，」達斯說。

The Indian state of Odisha has launched the Subhadra Yojana, a direct transfer program for women, making it the first government initiative to utilize CBDC.

印度奧裡薩邦啟動了 Subhadra Yojana，這是一項針對女性的直接轉移計劃，使其成為第一個利用 CBDC 的政府舉措。

Under the scheme, beneficiaries receive Rs 10,000 ($118) annually in digital rupees, which can be used through UPI QR codes or transferred to bank accounts. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) is an instant real-time payment system that facilitates inter-bank transactions through mobile phones.

根據該計劃，受益人每年收到 10,000 盧比（118 美元）的數位盧比，可以透過 UPI 二維碼使用或轉入銀行帳戶。統一支付介面（UPI）是一種即時即時支付系統，方便透過手機進行銀行間交易。

“CBDC is, therefore, in an experimentation stage in India. Internationally, there is greater expectation about CBDC, so we have made CBDC interoperable with UPI. I think CBDC will facilitate cross-border payments in a much more efficient and cost-effective manner than anything else. I think CBDC can coexist with UPI; I think both can complement each other; both can coexist,” Das said.

「因此，CBDC 在印度處於試驗階段。國際上對CBDC的期望比較大，所以我們讓CBDC和UPI實現了互通。我認為 CBDC 將以比其他任何方式更有效率、更具成本效益的方式促進跨境支付。我認為CBDC可以與UPI共存；我認為兩者可以相輔相成；兩者可以共存，」達斯說。

India’s UPI has emerged as the most preferred method of retail payments, with a 79.6% share in total volumes of retail payments made in 2023-24, according to a RBI report.

印度央行的報告顯示，印度的 UPI 已成為最受歡迎的零售支付方式，佔 2023-24 年零售支付總量的 79.6%。

The UPI has seen a tenfold increase in volume over the past four years, from 12.5 billion transactions in 2019-20 to 131 billion transactions in 2023-24, or 80% of all digital payment volumes.

過去四年，UPI 的交易量成長了十倍，從 2019-20 年的 125 億筆交易增加到 2023-24 年的 1,310 億筆交易，佔所有數位支付量的 80%。

Earlier, the RBI said it is looking to enable additional functionalities of programmability and offline capability in CBDC retail payments.

早些時候，印度央行表示，正在尋求在 CBDC 零售支付中啟用額外的可編程性和離線功能。

While programmability is expected to facilitate transactions for specific and targeted purposes, offline functionality will allow transactions in areas with poor or limited internet connectivity.

雖然可程式性有望促進特定和有針對性的目的的交易，但離線功能將允許在網路連線較差或有限的地區進行交易。

The central bank also announced plans to make its e-rupee accessible to more retail users by including non-bank payment system operators to offer CBDC wallets.

央行還宣布計劃透過讓非銀行支付系統營運商提供 CBDC 錢包，讓更多零售用戶可以使用其電子盧比。

The move is expected to test how resilient India’s CBDC platform is in handling multi-channel transactions.

此舉預計將測試印度 CBDC 平台在處理多通路交易方面的彈性。